Subtle modulation of ongoing calcium dynamics in astrocytic microdomains by sensory inputs
Astrocytes communicate with neurons through their processes. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that astrocytic processes exhibit calcium activity both spontaneously and in response to external stimuli; however, it has not been fully determined whether and how astrocytic subcellular domains respond to sensory input in vivo. We visualized the calcium signals in astrocytes in the primary visual cortex of awake, head‐fixed mice. Bias‐free analyses of two‐photon imaging data revealed that calcium activity prevailed in astrocytic subcellular domains, was coordinated with variable spot‐like patterns, and was dominantly spontaneous. Indeed, visual stimuli did not affect the frequency of calcium domain activity, but it increased the domain size, whereas tetrodotoxin reduced the sizes of spontaneous calcium domains and abolished their visual responses. The “evoked” domain activity exhibited no apparent orientation tuning and was distributed unevenly within the cell, constituting multiple active hotspots that were often also recruited in spontaneous activity. The hotspots existed dominantly in the somata and endfeet of astrocytes. Thus, the patterns of astrocytic calcium dynamics are intrinsically constrained and are subject to minor but significant modulation by sensory input.
Keywords:
Astrocyte, endfoot, map, orientation selectivity, visual cortex.
Autoři:
Akiko Asada 1; Sakiko Ujita 1; Ryota Nakayama 1; Shigeyuki Oba 2; Shin Ishii 2; Norio Matsuki 1; Yuji Ikegaya *,1,3
Působiště autorů:
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
1; Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
2; Center for Information and Neural Networks, Suita City Osaka, Japan
3
Vyšlo v časopise:
Physiological Reports, 3, 2015, č. 10, s. 1-11
Kategorie:
Original Research
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12454
© 2015 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Souhrn
Astrocytes communicate with neurons through their processes. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that astrocytic processes exhibit calcium activity both spontaneously and in response to external stimuli; however, it has not been fully determined whether and how astrocytic subcellular domains respond to sensory input in vivo. We visualized the calcium signals in astrocytes in the primary visual cortex of awake, head‐fixed mice. Bias‐free analyses of two‐photon imaging data revealed that calcium activity prevailed in astrocytic subcellular domains, was coordinated with variable spot‐like patterns, and was dominantly spontaneous. Indeed, visual stimuli did not affect the frequency of calcium domain activity, but it increased the domain size, whereas tetrodotoxin reduced the sizes of spontaneous calcium domains and abolished their visual responses. The “evoked” domain activity exhibited no apparent orientation tuning and was distributed unevenly within the cell, constituting multiple active hotspots that were often also recruited in spontaneous activity. The hotspots existed dominantly in the somata and endfeet of astrocytes. Thus, the patterns of astrocytic calcium dynamics are intrinsically constrained and are subject to minor but significant modulation by sensory input.
Keywords:
Astrocyte, endfoot, map, orientation selectivity, visual cortex.
Zdroje
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