Management of hypertensive patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease

Česká verzia

Authors: P. Gavornik ¹; A. Dukát ^1,2; Ľ. Gašpar ^1,3; G. Gubo ¹; N. Bežillová ^1,4; M. Kováčová ⁵; E. Gavorníková ^1,6; A. Petrášová ⁷; I. Gašparová ^1,8; L. Sabolová ^9,10; M. Kučera ^3,11; K. Kusendová ¹²; A. Uhrinová ^1,3; M. Bendžala ^1,13; V. Kosmálová ^3,10
Authors place of work: Angiologická sekcia Slovenskej lekárskej komory, SR ¹; V. interná klinika LF UK a UN Bratislava, SR ²; I. interná klinika LF UK a UN Bratislava, SR ³; III. interná klinika LF UK a UN Bratislava, SR ⁴; Národný ústav srdcových a cievnych chorôb, Bratislava, SR ⁵; Ambulancia všeobecného lekárstva pre dospelých, Poliklinika Ružinov, Bratislava, SR ⁶; Lekáreň Salvator, Prosalute, Modra, SR ⁷; Klinika telovýchovného lekárstva LF UK a UN Bratislava, SR ⁸; Onkologický ústav svätej Alžbety, Bratislava, SR ⁹; Slovenská zdravotnícka univerzita v Bratislave, SR ¹⁰; Ambulancia všeobecného a vnútorného lekárstva, Vitacare, s. r. o., Modra, SR ¹¹; Národná transfúzna služba SR, Bratislava, SR ¹²; Klinika infektológie a geografických chorôb LF UK a UN Bratislava ¹³
Published in the journal: Kardiol Rev Int Med 2018, 20(2): 148-154

Summary

Extremitovascular arterial ischemic disease (lower extremity peripheral arterial disease – PAD) is an important manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis and other arterial diseases of vascular system. The lower the ankle-brachial pressure index, the greater the risk of serious acute instabile organovascular events (e.g. acute myocardial infarction, stroke). Complex prevention and treatment of extremitovascular arterial disease is discussed in this article. Angiology/vascular medicine is the fastest growing field of internal medicine.

Keywords:

extremitovascular artery disease – peripheral arterial disease – prevention – treatment – angiology/vascular medicine

Zdroje

1. Gavorník P. Angiológia 2 pre všeobecných praktických lekárov – Arteriológia. 1. vyd. Bratislava: Dr. Josef Raabe 2014.

2. Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C et al. 2016 AHA/ ACC Guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69(11): 1465– 1508. doi: 10.1016/ j.jacc.2016.11.008.

3. Shah S, Antoniou GA, Torella F. Evidence-based analysis of peripheral arterial disease screening based on the WHO criteria. Int Angiol 2017; 36(4): 299– 305. doi: 10.23736/ S0392-9590.17.03468-X.

4. Fowkes GF, Forster RB, Levin CE et al. Priorization of treatments for lower extremity peripheral artery disease in low- and middle-income countries. Int Angiol 2017; 36(3): 203– 215. doi: 10.23736/ S0392-9590.16.03716-0.

5. Lawall H, Huppert P, Espinola-Klein C et al. German guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral artery disease – a comprehensive update 2016. Vasa 2017; 46(2): 79– 86. doi. 10.1024/ 0301-1526/ a000603.

6. Gavorník P, Holomáň M, Kolesár J et al. Kinezioterapia ischemickej choroby dolných končatín u chorých po rekonštrukčnej operácii tepien. Čas Lék Čes 1986; 125(32): 1000– 1003.

7. Gavorník P, Kolesár J, Dukát A. Pohybová liečba (kinezioterapia) ischemickej choroby dolných končatín III. štádia. Vnitř Lék 1986; 32(6): 597– 604.

8. Gavorník P, Kolesár P, Hudec I et al. Význam kinezioterapie ischemickej choroby dolných končatín u chorých s rodinnými hyperlipoproteinémiami. Vnitř Lék 1981; 27(1): 72– 79.

9. Gavorník P. Ateroskleróza a iné choroby tepien. 1. vyd. Bratislava. Univerzita Komenského – Vydavateľstvo UK 1999.

10. Gavorník P, Dukát A, Gašpar Ľ. Manažment dyslipidémií – prítomnosť a budúcnosť. Odporúčania Sekcie angiológov Slovenskej lekárskej komory (2013). Vnitř Lék 2013; 59(10): 932– 938.

11. Gavorník P, Dukát A, Gašpar Ľ et al. Antitrombocytová tromboprofylaxia artériových vaskulárnych chorôb a orgánovaskulárnych ischemických chorôb. Vnitř Lék 2017; 63(2): 124– 132.

12. Gavorník P, Dukát A, Gašpar Ľ et al. Súčasné fixné antihypertenzné liekové dvojkombinácie v Slovenskej republike. Kardiol Rev Int Med 2017; 19(4): 288– 294.

13. Gavorník P. Obliterujúce choroby artérií a končatinovo cievna ischemická choroba. Nová klinicko-etiologicko-anatomicko-patofyziologická klasifikácia. Cardiology 2010; 19(3): 201– 213.

14. Gavorník P, Dukát A, Gašpar Ľ et al. Choroby aorty – diagnostika, klasifikácia a princípy manažmentu. Kardiol Rev Int Med 2014; 16(6): 493– 500.

15. Liu Y, Wu F, Lu L et al. Examination of the Retina. N Engl J Med 2015; 373(8): e9. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMvcm1308125.

16. Warkentin TE. Ischemic limb gangrene with pulses. N Engl J Med 2015; 373(7): 642– 655. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMra1316259.

17. Werner C, Laufs U. Moving beyond the “LDL hypothesis”. Vasa 2015; 44(5): 333– 340. doi: 10.1024/ 0301-1526/ a000451.

18. Husmann M, Jacomella V, Thalhammer C et al. Markers of arterial stiffness in peripheral arterial disease. Vasa 2015; 44(5): 341– 348. doi: 10.1024/ 0301-1526/ a000452.

19. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013 ESH/ ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2013; 31(7): 1281– 1357. doi: 10.1097/ 01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc.

20. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) Novelty and Significance. JAMA 2014; 311(5): 507– 520. doi: 10.1001/ jama.2013.284427.

21. Yoshitaka I, Suzuki H. Exercise therapy for intermittent claudication in peripheral artery disease. E-Journal of Cardiology Practice 2015; 13(34): 1– 7. Available at: www.escardio.org/ Guidelines-&-Education/ Journals-and-publications/ ESC-journals-family/ Ejournal-of-Cardiology-Practice/ Volume-13/ exercise-therapy-for-intermittent-claudication-in-peripheralartery-disease.

22. Reith C, Armitage J. Management of residual risk after statin therapy. Circulation 2016; 245(1): 161– 170. doi: 10.1016/ j.atherosclerosis.2015.12.018.

23. Gavorník P, Dukát A, Gašpar Ľ et al. Prevencia a liečba končatinovocievnej ischemickej choroby. Vnitř Lék 2010; 56(6): 613– 619.

24. Congress of the European Society for Vascular Medicine. Available at: http:/ / www.esvm-prague.org.

25. Society for Vascular Medicine, Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Interventions. Available at: http:/ / www.angiology.org/ events/ iua-events.

26. Mule G, Vadala M, Geraci G et al. Retinal vascular imaging in cardiovascular medicine: New tools for an old examination. Atherosclerosis 2018; 268(1): 188–199. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.11.001.

27. Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J et al. The COMPASS Investigators. Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2017; 377(14): 1319–1330. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118.

28. Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T et al. The CANTOS Trial Group. Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease. N Engl J Med 2017; 377(12): 1119–1131. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1707914.

29. Krieger EM, Drager LF, Giorgi DM et al. ReHOT Investigators. Spironolactone versus clonidine as a fourth-drug therapy for resistant hypertension novelty and significance. The ReHOT Randomized Study (Resistant Hypertension Optimal Treatment). Hypertension 2018; 71(4): 681–690. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10662.

30. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension 2017; 71(6): e13–e115. doi: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065.

31. Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink ME et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries. Endorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO). the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J 2018; 39(9): 763–816. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095.