Smoking – an influenceable risk factor in heart and vessel diseases

Download PDF Česká verzia

Authors: Šedová L. ¹; Tóthová V. ¹; Chloubová I. ¹; Michálková H. ¹; Olišarová V. ¹; Bártlová S. ¹; Urbanová V. ²; Adámková V. ³
Authors place of work: Ústav ošetřovatelství, porodní asistence a neodkladné péče, ZSF JU v Českých Budějovicích ¹; Ústav humanitních studií v pomáhajících profesích, ZSF JU v Českých Budějovicích ²; Pracoviště preventivní kardiologie, Kardiocentrum, IKEM, Praha ³
Published in the journal: Kardiol Rev Int Med 2019, 21(2): 106-110

Summary

Introduction: There is indisputable evidence that smoking accelerates the origination of premature cardiovascular incidents and the persistence of this bad habit leads to a worse prognosis of heart and vessel diseases.

Goal: The goal of the article is to describe the situation of incidence of smoking in the lay population aged 40+ in the Czech Republic.

Methods: To meet the goal, a structured interview with a representative sample of persons from the lay public over 40 years of age was made. 1,992 persons were approached. The selection set was representative for age, gender and region. The criteria for enrolment included voluntariness, age above 40 years and the prevalence of smoking and related behaviours, which was followed by several questions in face-to-face interviews. Additionally, we investigated how the public view smoking as an influenceable risk factor for the incidence and progress of heart and vessel diseases.

Results: The analysis of the results showed that 514 (25.8%) of the 1,992 respondents above 40 years or age were smokers. Out of these 514 smokers, almost one-half (47.6%) were being treated for heart and vessel diseases. A partial goal of the study consisted in monitoring the BMI in relation to smoking. The results show that there are more regular smokers among respondents who are overweight (236; 45.9%) (p < 0.01). Significant dependences were also found in the relation between BMI and staying daily in a smoky environment, which was also reported more frequently by respondents with a BMI above 25. Interestingly, smokers are aware of the fact that smoking leads to and worsens the prognosis for heart and vessel diseases (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: The nurse plays an important role both in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Repeated talks, explanations and motivation of the patients to stop smoking within the therapy of cardiovascular diseases are an integral part of the comprehensive nursing practice offered.

Keywords:

smoking – nurse

Zdroje

1. World Health Statistics 2017: Monitoring health for the SDGs. Available at: https:/ / www.who.int/ gho/ publications/ world_health_statistics/ 2017/ en.

2. Sovinová H, Csémy L. Užívání tabáku v České republice 2015. Státní zdravotní ústav 2016. Dostupné na: http:/ / www.szu.cz/ uploads/ documents/ czzp/ zavislosti/ Uzivani_tabaku_2015.pdf.

3. Fait M, Vrablík M, Češka R et al. Preventivní medicína. 2. vyd. Praha: Maxdorf 2011.

4. Rosolová H. Kouření tabáku a individualizovaný přístup v prevenci a léčbě. Kardiol Rev Int Med 2011; 13(2): 96–98.

5. Vrablík M, Králíková E, Češka R. Kouření a kardiovaskulární onemocnění se zaměřením na metabolizmus lipidů. Kardiol Rev 2004; 6(4): 166−169.

6. Rosolová H. Preventivní kardiologie v praxi. 1. vyd. Praha: Axonite 2014.

7. Králíková E, Češka R, Pánková A et al. Doporučení pro léčbu závislosti na tabáku. Vnitř Lék 2015; 61 (5 Suppl 1): 1S4–1S15.

8. Keto J, Ventola H, Jokelainen J et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in relation to smoking behaviour and history: a population-based cohort study. Open Heart 2016; 3(2): e000358. doi: 10.1136/ openhrt-2015-000358.

9. Munafò RM, Kate Tilling K, Ben-Shlomo B. Smoking status and body mass index: a longitudinal study. Nicotine Tob Res 2009; 11(6): 765–771. doi: 10.1093/ ntr/ ntp062.

10. Basterra-Gortari JF, Forga L, Bes-Rastrollo M et al. Effect of smoking on body weight: longitudinal analysis of the SUN Cohort. Rev Esp Cardiol 2010; 63(1): 20–27. doi: 10.1016/ S1885-5857(10)70
005-0).

11. Sneve M, Jorde R. Cross-sectional study on the relationship between body mass index and smoking, and longitudinal changes in body mass index in relation to change in smoking status: the Tromso Study. Scand J Public Health 2008; 36(4): 397–407. doi: 10.1177/ 1403494807088453.

12. Býma S, Hradec J. Prevence kardiovaskulárních onemocnění 2018. Společnost všeobecného lékařství ČLS JEP. Praha: Centrum doporučených postupů pro praktické lékaře 2018.

13. Cífková R. Co způsobuje pokles úmrtnost ischemickou chorobu srdeční? Vnitř Lék 2011; 57(5): 435–436.

14. Gielen S, De Backer G, Piepoli FM et al. The ESC Textbook of Preventive Cardiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2015.

15. Piepoli MF, Hoes WH, Agewall S et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2016; 37(29): 2315–2381. doi: 10.1093/ eurheartj/ ehw106.

16. Cífková R, Skodová Z, Bruthans J et al. Longitudinal trends in major cardiovascular risk factors in the Czech population between 1985 and 2007/ 8. Czech MONICA and Czech post-MONICA. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211(2): 676–681. doi: 10.1016/ j.atherosclerosis.2010.04.007.

17. Prugger C, Wellmann J, Heidrich J et al. Readiness for smoking cessation in coronary heart disease patients across Europe: results from the EuroAspire III survey. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2015; 22(9): 1212–1219. doi: 10.1177/ 2047487314564728.

18. Bruthans J, Mayer O Jr., De Bacquer D et al. Educational level and risk profile and risk control in patients with coronary heart disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 23(8): 881–890. doi: 10.1177/ 2047487315601
078.

19. Doležel J, Jarošová D. Analysis of clinical practice guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention. Kontakt 2015; 17(2): 96–102. doi: 10.1016/ j.kontakt.2015.05.001.

20. Doležel J, Jarošová D. Edukační činnost sester u pacientů po infarktu myokardu – přehledová studie. Kardiol Rev Int Med 2017; 19(3):
205–208.

21. Kotseva K, Wood D, De Bacquer D et al. EUROASPIRE Investigators. EUROASPIRE IV: A European Society of Cardiology survey on the lifestyle, risk factor and therapeutic management of coronary patients from 24 European countries. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 23(6): 636–648. doi: 10.1177/ 2047487315569
401.

22. Bruthans J, Cífková R, Lánská V et al. Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in the Czech Republic between 1985 and 2007. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 21: 829–839. doi: 10.1177/ 2047487312469476.

23. Bruthans J, Mayer O, Galovcová M et al. State of secondary prevention in Czech coronary patients in the EUROASPIRE IV study. Cor Vasa 2014; 56(2): e105–e112. doi: 10.1016/ j.crvasa.2014.02.012.

24. Cífková R, Bruthans J, Adámková V. Prevalence základních kardiovaskulárních rizikových faktorů v české populaci v letech 2006–2009. Studie Czech post-MONICA. Cor Vasa 2011; 53(4): 220–229. doi: 10.33678/ cor.2011.050.