Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease – New Advances and New Challenges

Česká verzia

Authors: S. N. Illarioškin
Authors place of work: Výzkumné centrum neurologie, Ruská akademie lékařských věd, Moskva
Published in the journal: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2015; 78/111(3): 283-291
Category: Review Article

Summary

Etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) for many years has been remaining the matter of active discussions and intensive interdisciplinary studies. About 5– 10% of all cases of PD are represented by monogenic forms manifesting predominantly in younger persons, while most cases of the disease are sporadic and have multifactorial nature. The key molecular event in the development of neurodegeneration in PD is the conformational change of a small vesicular protein α‑ synuclein initiating its self‑ fibrilization with forming neurotoxic cytoplasmic aggregates and Lewy bodies/ neurites. Misfolding of α‑ synuclein in PD is caused by specific interaction of environmental factors, genomic factors and characteristics of systemic metabolism, which, in combination, determines the processes of cell detoxication, mitochondrial functioning, synaptic transmission and endosomal transport. In this review, possible exogenous and endogenous triggers of pathological process in PD are discussed in detail. Among the risk factors, special consideration is given to the role of different neurotoxins, prion hypothesis of the development of PD, as well as up‑ to‑ date knowledge about genetics of familial and sporadic cases of PD.

Key words:
Parkinson’s disease – etiology – molecular mechanisms – risk factors – genetics

The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study.

The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.

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