Variations in the optic nerve width in MR image depending on age and gender

Česká verzia

Authors: P. Hanzlíková ^1,2; J. Chmelová ^1,3; M. Mikl ⁴
Authors place of work: Radiologická klinika LF UP v Olomouci ¹; MR oddělení, Sagena s. r. o., Frýdek-Místek ²; Radiodiagnostické oddělení, Městská nemocnice Ostrava ³; Středoevropský technologický institut, MU, Brno ⁴
Published in the journal: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2018; 81(3): 345-352
Category: Original Paper
doi: https://doi.org/10.14735/amcsnn2018345

Summary

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the optic nerve and its sheath diameter changes in relation to age and gender, measured by MR images in the population aged 15– 75 years.

Patients and methods:
A total of 300 individuals without proven optic nerve pathology or cerebrospinal fluid pathway pathology were included in the study (150 men, 150 women); 600 measurements of the optic nerve (4 sections), 300 measurements of the optic chiasm, and 600 measurements of 2 optic sheath sections were carried out using a 1.5 T MRI device. Statistical analysis employed the ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis parametric test and a non-parametric GLMM (generalized linear mixed model) test.

Results:
We proved a statistically significant difference between age groups of men and women for optic nerve sections 1– 4 and optic sheath sections A and B, as well as a statistically significant difference between genders for the optic nerve sections 1– 4 and both optic sheath sections. Growth in dimensions in optic nerve sections 1– 4 and optic sheaths A and B was demonstrated from the 15– 25-year-old age group up to the 45– 55-year-old age group; after that, there is an unambiguous reduction in dimensions towards the 55-year-old age group and above. Section 5 (the chiasm) demonstrated no statistically significant changes in dimensions in relation to age in the respective set.

Conclusions:
We proved a statistically significant age and gender influence on the dimensions of optic nerve and its sheath. This dependence was not proven by measurements of the optic chiasm.

Key words:
magnetic resonance imaging – optic nerve – sheath of optic nerve – normal distribution – gender – age

The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study.

The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.

Zdroje

1. Montaleone P. The optic nerve: a clinical perspective. Univ West Ont Med J 2010; 79: 37.

2. Gala F. Magnetic resonance imaging of optic nerve. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2015; 25(4): 421– 438. doi: 10.4103/ 0971-3026.169462.

3. Selhorst JB, Chen Y. The optic nerve. Semin Neurol 2009; 29(1): 29– 35. doi: 10.1055/ s-0028-1124020.

4. Xie X, Zhang X, Fu J et al. Noninvasive intracranial pressure estimation by orbital subarachnoid space measurement: the Beijing Intracranial and Intraocular Pressure (iCOP) study. Crit Care 2013; 17(4): R162. doi: 10.1186/ cc12841.

5. Kimberly HH, Noble VE. Using MRI of the optic nerve sheath to detect elevated intracranial pressure. Crit Care 2008; 12(5): 181. doi: 10.1186/ cc7008.

6. Trip SA, Schlottmann PG, Jones SJ et al. Optic nerve atrophy and retinal nerve fibre layer thinning following optic neuritis: evidence that axonal loss is a substrate of MRI-detected atrophy. Neuroimage 2006; 31(1): 286– 293. doi: 10.1016/ j.neuroimage.2005.11.051.

7. Müller F, O‘Rahilly R. The first appearance of the neural tube and optic primordium in the human embryo at stage 10. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1985; 172(2): 157– 169.

8. Guy J, Mao J, Bidgood WD Jr et al. Enhancement and demyefination of the intraorbital optic nerve: fat suppression magnetic resonance imaging. Ophthalmology 1992; 99(5): 713– 719.

9. Mangrum WI. Duke review of MRI principles. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/ Mosby 2012.

10. Hoffmann J, Schmidt C, Kunte H et al. Volumetric assessment of optic nerve sheath and hypophysis in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35(3): 513– 518. doi: 10.3174/ ajnr.A3694.

11. Karim S, Clark RA, Poukens V et al. Demonstration of systematic variation in human intraorbital optic nerve size by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and histology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45(4): 1047– 1051.

12. Dodds NI, Atcha AW, Birchall D et al. Use of high-resolution MRI of the optic nerve in Graves‘ ophthalmopathy. Br J Radiol 2009; 82(979): 541– 544. doi: 10.1259/ bjr/ 56958444.

13. Geeraerts T. Noninvasive surrogates of intracranial pressure: another piece added with magnetic resonance imaging of the cerebrospinal fluid thickness surrounding the optic nerve. Crit Care 2013; 17(5): 187. doi: 10.1186/ cc13012.

14. Geeraerts T, Dubost C. Theme: neurology-optic nerve sheath diameter measurement as a risk marker for significant intracranial hypertension. Biomark Med 2009; 3(2): 129– 137. doi: 10.2217/ bmm.09.6.

15. Rohr AC, Riedel C, Fruehauf MC et al. MR imaging findings in patients with secondary intracranial hypertension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32(6): 1021– 1029. doi: 10.3174/ ajnr.A2463.

16. Rohr A, Jensen U, Riedel C et al. MR imaging of the optic nerve sheath in patients with craniospinal hypotension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31(9): 1752– 1757. doi: 10.3174/ ajnr.A2120.

17. Giger-Tobler C, Eisenack J, Holzmann D et al. Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter: Differences between methods? A Pilot Study. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2015; 232(4): 467– 470. doi: 10.1055/ s-0035-1545711.

18. Shirodkar CG, Munta K, Rao SM et al. Correlation of measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter using ultrasound with magnetic resonance imaging. Indian J Crit Care Med 2015; 19(8): 466– 470. doi: 10.4103/ 0972-5229.162465.

19. Hanzlíková P, Chmelová J. Magnetická rezonance síly 1,5T – Možnosti zobrazení optického nervu. Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2017; 73(1): 34– 39.