Immunopathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica

Česká verzia

Authors: J. Krejsek
Authors place of work: Ústav klinické imunologie a alergologie, prof. RNDr. Jan Krejsek, CSc., Ústav klinické imunologie, a alergologie, LF UK a FN Hradec Králové ; 05 Hradec Králové, e-mail: jan. krejsek@fnhk. czLF UK a FN Hradec Králové ⁵⁰⁰; Sokolská tř. ⁵⁸¹
Published in the journal: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2020; 83/116(supplementum 1): 11-14
doi: https://doi.org/10.14735/amcsnn2020S11

Summary

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disorder of the CNS with typical clinical manifestations of optic neuritis and myelitis attacks. NMO is now considered an independent disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies in IgG class reacting with aquaporin-4. These autoantibodies are currently regarded as a specific biomarker of NMO and NMO spectrum disorders. Aquaporin-4 IgG antibodies are playing a key role in the pathogenesis of NMO. Nevertheless, these autoantibodies are not present in approximately a quarter of NMO patients suggesting possible participation of other factors in the NMO immunopathogenesis which have to be elucidated.

Keywords:

neuromyelitis optica – optic neuritis – aquaporin-4 – Autoantibodies

Zdroje

1. Lennon VA, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ et al. IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel. J Exp Med 2005; 202 (4): 473–477. doi: 10.1084/jem.20050304.

2. Costanza M. Type 2 Inflammatory responses in autoimmune demyelination of the central nervous system: recent advances. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019: 4204512. doi: 10.1155/2019/4204512.

3. Lucchinetti CF, Mandler RN, McGavern D et al. A role for humoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Devic‘s neuromyelitis optica. Brain 2002; 125 (Pt 7): 1450–1461. doi: 10.1093/brain/awf151.

4. Waters PJ, McKeon A, Leite MI et al. Serologic diag-nosis of NMO: a multicenter comparison of aquaporin-4-IgG assays. Neurology 2012; 78 (9): 665–669. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318248dec1.

5. Kitley J, Waters P, Woodhall M et al. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with aquaporin-4 and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: a comparative study. JAMA Neurol 2014; 71 (3): 276–283. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.5857.

6. Duignan S, Wright S, Rossor T et al. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin-4 antibodies are highly specific in children with acquired demyelinating syndromes. Dev Med Child Neurol 2018; 60 (9): 958–962. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13703.

7. Krejsek J, Andrýs C, Krčmová I. Imunologie člověka. Hradec Králové: Garamon 2016.

8. Brum DG, Barreira AA, dos Santos AC et al. HLA-DRB association in neuromyelitis optica is different from that observed in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010; 16 (1): 21–29. doi: 10.1177/1352458509350741.

9. Jarius S, Franciotta D, Paul F et al. Cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to aquaporin-4 in neuromyelitis optica and related disorders: frequency, origin, and diagnostic relevance. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7: 52. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-52.

10. Tait MJ, Saadoun S, Bell BA et al. Water movements in the brain: role of aquaporins. Trends Neurosci 2008; 31 (1): 37–43. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2007.11.003.

11. Jung JS, Bhat RV, Preston GM et al. Molecular characterization of an aquaporin cDNA from brain: candidate osmoreceptor and regulator of water balance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91 (26): 13052–13056. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.26.13052.

12. Nielsen S, Nagelhus EA, Amiry-Moghaddam M et al. Specialized membrane domains for water transport in glial cells: high-resolution immunogold cytochemistry of aquaporin-4 in rat brain. J Neurosci 1997; 17 (1): 171–180. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00171.1997.

13. Huda S, Whittam D, Bhojak M et al. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Clin Med 2019; 19 (2): 169–176. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.19-2-169.

14. Verkman AS. Aquaporins in clinical medicine. Annu Rev Med 2012; 63: 303–316. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-043010-193843.

15. Yao X, Verkman AS. Marked central nervous system pathology in CD59 knockout rats following passive transfer of Neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5 (1): 15. doi: 10.1186/s40478-017-0417-9.

16. Chihara N, Aranami T, Sato W et al. Interleukin 6 signaling promotes anti-aquaporin 4 autoantibody production from plasmablasts in neuromyelitis optica. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108 (9): 3701–3706. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1017385108.

17. Ashtari F, Madanian R, Shaygannejad V et al. Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica patients and healthy subjects. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2019; 11 (6): 267–273.

18. Yamamura T, Kleiter I, Fujihara K et al. Trial of satralizumab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. N Engl J Med 2019; 381 (22): 2114–2124. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1901747.

19. Nytrova P, Potlukova E, Kemlink D et al. Complement activation in patients with neuromyelitis optica. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 274 (1–2): 185–191. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.07.001.

20. Nytrova P, Kleinova P, Preiningerova Lizrova J et al. Neuromyelitis optiva a poruchy jejího širšího spektra – retrospektivní analýza klinických a paraklinických nálezů. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2015; 78/111 (1): 72–77. doi: 10.14735/amcsnn201572

21. Matsushita T, Tateishi T, Isobe N et al. Characteristic cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokine profiles in neuromyelitis optica, relapsing remitting or primary progressive multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8 (4): e61835. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061835.

22. Blanchard C, Rothenberg ME. Biology of the eosinophil. Adv Immunol 2009; 101: 81–121. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2776 (08) 01003-1.

23. da Silva APB, Souza DG, Souza DO et al. Role of glutamatergic excitotoxicity in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13: 142. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00142.

24. Saadoun S, Waters P, Bell BA et al. Intra-cerebral injection of neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G and human complement produces neuromyelitis optica lesions in mice. Brain 2010; 133 (Pt 2): 349–361. doi: 10.1093/brain/awp309.

25. Jarius S, Wildemann B, Paul F. Neuromyelitis optica: clinical features, immunopathogenesis and treatment. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 176 (2): 149–164. doi: 10.1111/cei.12271.

26. Uzawa A, Mori M, Arai K et al. Cytokine and chemokine profiles in neuromyelitis optica: significance of interleukin-6. Mult Scler 2010; 16 (12): 1443–1452. doi: 10.1177/1352458510379247.

27. Misu T, Takahashi T, Nishiyama S et al. [New insights into the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica]. Brain Nerve 2010; 62 (9): 921–931.

28. Yamamura T, Kleiter I, Fujihara K et al. Trial of satralizumab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. N Engl J Med 2019; 381 (22): 2114–2124. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1901747.

29. Damato V, Evoli A, Iorio R. Efficacy and safety of rituximab therapy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2016; 73 (11): 1342–1348. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.1637.

30. Cree BA, Bennett JL, Kim HJ et al. N-MOmentum study investigators. Inebilizumab for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (N-MOmentum): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial. Lancet 2019; 394 (10206): 1352–1363. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (19) 31817-3.

31. Pittock SJ, Berthele A, Fujihara K et al. Eculizumab in aquaporin-4 positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. N Engl J Med 2019; 381 (7): 614–625. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1900866.

32. Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS. Aquaporin 4 and neuromyelitis optica. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11 (6): 535–544. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422 (12) 70133-3.