Validation of the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 – Czech version

Česká verzia

Authors: J. Kolčava ¹; M. Sládečková ²; J. Kočica ¹; P. Štourač ¹; E. Vlčková ¹; J. Bednařík ¹
Authors place of work: Neurologická klinika, LF MU a FN Brno ¹; Rehabilitační oddělení, FN Brno ²
Published in the journal: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2021; 84/117(4): 367-373
Category: Original Paper
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/cccsnn2021367

Summary

Aim: Walking difficulties are a common and serious symptom of MS. A validated questionnaire for the evaluation of gait disorders in patients with MS in the Czech language is missing. The aim of this study was to create and validate the Czech version of the 12-Item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12) questionnaire, a simple anamnestic tool consisting of 12 questions. Materials and methods: The Czech version of the MSWS-12 questionnaire was created by the forward-backward translation method and validated in 50 MS patients and 25 healthy volunteers. The questionnaire was administered repeatedly one week apart to assess repeatability and reproducibility. Walking was objectively assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the 25 Foot Walk (T25FW) test. The results were correlated also with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Four-Stage Balance Test (FSBT). Results: Healthy controls scored 12.4 ± 0.7 points in the MSWS-12. In patients with MS, the values were significantly higher (P < 0.001) and reached 24.0 ± 11.8 points in average. The MSWS-12 score values closely correlated with walking tests and level of disability. i.e., the TUG test (r = 0.788; P < 0.001), T25FW test (r = 0.878; P < 0.001), EDSS (r = 0.878; P < 0.001), and FSBT (r = 0.831; P < 0.001). The repeatability assessed by Pearson´s correlation was 0.96 (P < 0.001). The reproducibility value of Cronbach’s alpha reached 0.983, which demonstrates the high internal consistency of the questionnaire. Conclusion: The Czech version of the MSWS-12 questionnaire showed very good validity in the evaluation of gait disorders in MS patients, and excellent reproducibility and internal consistency.

Keywords:

Multiple sclerosis – gait – walking speed – questionnaire – validation study

Zdroje

1. Bethoux F, Bennett S. Evaluating walking in patients with multiple sclerosis: which assessment tools are useful in clinical practice?. Int J MS Care 2011; 13 (1): 4–14. doi: 10.7224/1537-2073-13.1.4.

2. Solaro C, Trabucco E, Signori A et al. Italian validation of the 12-item multiple sclerosis walking scale. Mult Scler Int 2015; 2015: e540828. doi: 10.1155/2015/540828.

3. Souza A, Kelleher A, Cooper R et al. Multiple sclerosis and mobility-related assistive technology: systematic review of literature. J Rehabil Res Dev 2010; 47 (3): 213–223. doi: 10.1682/jrrd.2009.07.0096.

4. Adusumilli G, Lancia S, Levasseur VA et al. Turning is an important marker of balance confidence and walking limitation in persons with multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2018; 13 (6): e0198178. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198 178.

5. Charron S, McKay KA, Tremlett H. Physical activity and disability outcomes in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review (2011–2016). Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 20: 169–177. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.01.021.

6. Kalron A, Allali G. Gait and cognitive impairments in multiple sclerosis: the specific contribution of falls and fear of falling. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124 (11): 1407–1416. doi: 10.1007/s00702-017-1765-0.

7. Abasıyanık Z, Özdoğar AT, Sağıcı Ö et al. Explanatory factors of balance confidence in persons with multiple sclerosis: beyond the physical functions. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 43: 102239. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102239.

8. Kieseier BC, Pozzilli C. Assessing walking disability in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2012; 18 (7): 914–924. doi: 10.1177/1352458512444498.

9. Motl RW, Balto JM, Ensari I et al. Self-efficacy and walking performance in persons with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Phys Ther 2017; 41 (2): 114–118. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000172.

10. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed „Up & Go“: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991; 39 (2): 142–148. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x.

11. Kaesler DS, Mellifont RB, Swete Kelly P et al. A novel balance exercise program for postural stability in older adults: a pilot study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2007; 11 (1): 37–43. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2006.05.003.

12. Hobart JC, Riazi A, Lamping DL et al. Measuring the impact of MS on walking ability: the 12-Item MS walking scale (MSWS-12). Neurology 2003; 60 (1): 31–36. doi: 10.1212/wnl.60.1.31.

13. McGuigan C, Hutchinson M. Confirming the validity and responsiveness of the multiple sclerosis walking scale-12 (MSWS-12). Neurology 2004; 62 (11): 2103–2105. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000127604.84575.0d.

14. Pilutti LA, Dlugonski D, Sandroff BM et al. Further validation of multiple sclerosis walking scale-12 scores based on spatiotemporal gait parameters. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 94 (3): 575–578. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.08.214.

15. Tajali S, Shaterzadeh-Yazdi MJ, Negahban H et al. Predicting falls among patients with multiple sclerosis: comparison of patient-reported outcomes and performance-based measures of lower extremity functions. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 17: 69–74. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.014.

16. Nilsagård Y, Gunnarsson L-G, Denison E. Self-perceived limitations of gait in persons with multiple sclerosis. Adv Physiother 2007; 9: 136–143. doi: 10.1080/140 38190701256402.

17. Marangoni BEM, Pavan K, Tilbery CP. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the 12-item multiple sclerosis walking scale (MSWS-12) for the Brazilian population. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2012; 70 (12): 922–928. doi: 10.1590/s0004-282x2012001200004.

18. Nogueira LAC, Baitelli C, Alvarenga RMP et al. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the multiple sclerosis walking scale (MSWS-12) into Brazilian Portuguese. Cad Saude Publica 2012; 28 (5): 998–1004. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2012000500019.

19. Nakhostin Ansari N, Naghdi S, Mohammadi R et al. Multiple sclerosis walking scale-12, translation, adaptation and validation for the Persian language population. Gait Posture 2015; 41 (2): 420–424. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.11.003.

20. Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F et al. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000; 25 (24): 3186–3191. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014.

21. Guillemin F, Bombardier C, Beaton D. Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: literature review and proposed guidelines. J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46 (12): 1417–1432. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356 (93) 90142-n.

22. Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17 (2): 162–173. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422 (17) 30470-2.

23. Bot AGJ, Becker SJE, Mol MF et al. Validation of phone administration of short-form disability and psychology questionnaires. J Hand Surg Am 2013; 38 (7): 1383–1387. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.03.033.

24. Kaufman M, Moyer D, Norton J. The significant change for the timed 25-foot walk in the multiple sclerosis functional composite. Mult Scler 2000; 6 (4): 286–290. doi: 10.1177/135245850000600411.

25. Givon U, Zeilig G, Achiron A. Gait analysis in multiple sclerosis: characterization of temporal-spatial parameters using GAITRite functional ambulation system. Gait Posture 2009; 29 (1): 138–142. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.07.011.

26. Pearson OR, Busse ME, van Deursen RWM et al. Quantification of walking mobility in neurological disorders. QJM 2004; 97 (8): 463–475. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hch 084.

27. Gianfrancesco MA, Triche EW, Fawcett JA et al. Speed- and cane-related alterations in gait parameters in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Gait Posture 2011; 33 (1): 140–142. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.09.016.

28. Sacco R, Bussman R, Oesch P et al. Assessment of gait parameters and fatigue in MS patients during inpatient rehabilitation: a pilot trial. J Neurol 2011; 258 (5): 889–894. doi: 10.1007/s00415-010-5821-z.

29. Keclíková L, Hoskovcová M, Gál O et al. Možnosti pohybových aktivit u pacientů s roztroušenou sklerózou mozkomíšní. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2014; 77/110 (1): 23–28.

30. Martin CL, Phillips BA, Kilpatrick TJ et al. Gait and balance impairment in early multiple sclerosis in the absence of clinical disability. Mult Scler 2006; 12 (5): 620–628. doi: 10.1177/1352458506070658.

31. Allart E, Benoit A, Blanchard-Dauphin A et al. Sustained-released fampridine in multiple sclerosis: effects on gait parameters, arm function, fatigue, and quality of life. J Neurol 2015; 262 (8): 1936–1945. doi: 10.1007/s00415-015- 7797-1.

32. Hupperts R, Lycke J, Short C et al. Prolonged-release fampridine and walking and balance in MS: randomised controlled MOBILE trial. Mult Scler 2016; 22 (2): 212–221. doi: 10.1177/1352458515581436.

33. Baert I, Freeman J, Smedal T et al. Responsiveness and clinically meaningful improvement, according to disability level, of five walking measures after rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: a European multicenter study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2014; 28 (7): 621–631. doi: 10.1177/1545968314521010.

34. Dušek L, Pavlík T, Jarkovský J et al. Analýza dat v neurologii: XXIX. Spolehlivost (reliabilita) klinických testů. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2011; 74/107 (5): 594–599.