The Prospective Study of Caries Increment in Pre-school Children
Authors:
R. Ivančaková 1; Z. Broukal 2; E. Oganessian 2; E. Lenčová 2
Authors place of work:
Stomatologická klinika LF UK a FN, Hradec Králové
1; Ústav klinické a experimentální stomatologie 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha
2
Published in the journal:
Česká stomatologie / Praktické zubní lékařství, ročník 112, 2012, 5, s. 118-127
Category:
Original Article – Prospective Longitudinal Study
Summary
Aim of Study:
The study was designed as a prospective model of caries increment, plaque presence and levels of cariogenic microorganisms with repeated examinations over three years to determine the caries increment dynamics and its relationship to risk factors of carious attack.
Material and Methods:
At the baseline, 273 children (150 boys and 123 girls) with the mean age of 3.86 years were included in the study. Dentition of the children was clinically examined in the field, in nurseries, using a mirror, rounded probe and headlight with a caries detection limit of a D3 lesion according to the WHO recommendations. The presence of plaque on the upper frontal teeth was recorded and Dentocult SM test was performed. At an interval of approximately one year from the baseline the test was repeated in the second and third year of the study. To determine differences in age, caries indicators (dt, dmft), presence of plaque and Dentocult SM results Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used. Correlations of caries increment, plaque and Dentocult SM scores were evaluated by Wilcoxon´s test and Pearson´s correlation coefficient. Pearson’s test was also used to assess the predictivity of plaque and Dentocult SM over time (the significance level at p < 0.05).
Results:
At baseline, the mean number of teeth with untreated caries per child was 1.28 and the mean dmft was 1.75. At baseline, 30.8% of the children were free of dental caries, 56.8% had restored teeth and 12.4% of the children had some untreated decay. Plaque on the anterior teeth at baseline was present in 30.98% of the children. The difference between the boys and girls was not significant. The mean value of Dentocult SM test at baseline was 1.40. At the second examination, the boys had a significantly higher mean Dentocult SM score than girls (p = 0.042), in the first and third test, the differences between the boys and girls were non-significant.
The mean caries increment between the first and second examination was dmft = 0.68 per child. In the first and second year of the study the boys had a significantly higher caries increment than the girls (0.80 vs. 0.55 and 0.33. vs. 0.18). The caries increment after the first year of the study was significantly higher for boys and girls than in the second year (0.68 vs. 0.26). A highly significant association of the presence of plaque and the number of teeth with untreated caries (the teeth) and the dmft score (0.0001) was found during all three consecutive examinations. Significant correlations were found between Dentocult=0 and caries increment in the subsequent investigation, both between the first and second (p = 0.002), the second and third (p = 0.032) and the first and third examinations (p = 0.003).
Conclusion:
The three-year longitudinal study of caries increment in the deciduous dentition and its relationship to the microbial agents (plaque and cariogenic microorganisms) showed the dynamics of the dental caries development and the importance of assessing these factors in preschool children by caries risk analysis. The study documented the need for enhanced preventive measures at the older preschool age in compliance with primary preventive strategies against dental caries.
Key words:
children 3–5 yers-old – caries increment – longitudinal study
Zdroje
1. Balkova, S., Lencova, E., Broukal, Z.: Trends in oral health of children and adolescents in the Czech Republic 1994–2006; 13th Congress EADPH, Heidelberg, 2008, Program&Abstr. Book, Abstr. No. 17.
2. Kleemola-Kujala, E., Räsänen, L.: Relationship of oral hygiene and sugar consumption to risk of caries in children. Community Dent. Oral. Epidemiol., roč. 10, 1982, s. 224–233.
3. Lenčová, E., Broukal, Z., Ivančaková, R., Spížek, J.: Point-of-care salivary microbial tests for detection of cariogenic species – clinical relevance thereof – review. Folia Microbiol., roč. 55, 2010, s. 559–568.
4. Lenčová, E., Pikhart, H., Broukal, Z.: Early childhood caries trends and surveillance shortcomings in the Czech Republic – debate article. BMC Public Health, roč. 12, 2012 v tisku.
5. Leroy, R., Jara, A., Martens, L., Declerck, D.: Oral hygiene and gingival health in Flemish pre-school children. Community Dent. Health, roč. 28, 2011, s. 75–81.
6. Meurman, P. K., Pienihäkkinen, K.: Factors associated with caries increment: a longitudinal study from 18 months to 5 years of age. Caries Res., roč. 44, 2010, s. 519–524.
7. Novotna, M., Broukal, Z.: Oral hygiene practices and diet reported by head-techers in Czech kindergartens: a pilot study.16th EADPH Congress Roma, Italy 21–-23. Sept. 2011, Abstr. Oral Health Dental Management, roč. 9, 2012, s. 168.
8. Schröder, U., Granath, L.: Dietary habits and oral hygiene as predictors of caries in 3-year-old children. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol., roč. 11, 1983, s. 308–311.
9. Seki, M., Karakama, F., Yamashita, Y.: Does a clinical evaluation of oral cleanliness correlate with caries incidence in preschool children? Findings from a cohort study. J. Oral Sci., roč. 45, 2003, s. 93–98.
10. Shi, S., Deng, Q., Hayashi, Y., Yakushiji, M., Machida, Y., Liang, Q.: A follow-up study on three caries activity tests. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent., roč. 27, 2003, s. 359–364.
11. Skeie, M. S., Espelid, I., Riordan, P. J., Klock, K. S.: Caries increment in children aged 3–5 years in relation to parents’ dental attitudes: Oslo, Norway 2002 to 2004. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol., roč. 36, 2008, s. 441–450.
12. Slade, G. D., Caplan, D. J.: Methodological issues in longitudinal epidemiologic studies of dental caries. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol., roč. 27, 1999, s. 236–248.
13. Suma, G., Usha, M. D., Ambika, G., Jairanganath, J.: Oral health status of normal children and those affiliated with cardiac diseases. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent., roč. 35, 2011, s. 315–318.
14. Sutcliffe, P.: Caries experience and oral cleanliness of 3- and 4-year-old children from deprived and non-deprived areas in Edinburgh, Scotland. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol., roč. 5, 1977, s. 213–219.
15. Sutcliffe, P.: Oral cleanliness and dental caries. In the prevention of oral disease, 3rd ed., Murray, J. J. ed. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1996, s. 68–77.
16. Thenisch, N. L., Bachmann, L. M., Imfeld, T., Leisebach Minder, T., Steurer, J.: Are mutans Streptococci detected in preschool children a reliable predictive factor for dental caries risk? A systematic review. Caries Res., roč. 40, 2006, s. 366–374.
17. Wong, M. C., Lu, H. X., Lo, E. C.: Caries increment over 2 years in preschool children: a life course approach. Int. J. Pediatr. Dent., roč. 22, 2012, s. 77–84.
18. World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: Basic methods, 4th ed. Ženeva, WHO, 1997.
Štítky
Maxillofacial surgery Orthodontics Dental medicineČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Czech Dental Journal
2012 Číslo 5
- What Effect Can Be Expected from Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis?
- The Importance of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Administration to Diabetics with Gingivitis
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum (Warthin’s Tumour) of Parotic Salivary Glands with Multifocal Manifestation
- Tooth agenesis review
- Conservative Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- Cholesterol as an Aetiological Factor of Persistent Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis