Differences in the Incidence of Viral Hepatitis A and E in the Czech Republic
Authors:
Trmal Josef 1; Beneš Čestmír 2; Trnková Michaela 3
Authors place of work:
KHS Ústeckého kraje
1; Státní zdravotní ústav Praha
2; Očkovací centrum Avenier, a. s., Brno
3
Published in the journal:
Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 62, 2013, č. 1, s. 19-25
Summary
Although both viral hepatitis A (VHA) and E (VHE) are typically acquired by fecal-oral transmission, they differ in the incidence, particularly in the age-specific incidence, with VHA being reported most often in pre-school age and school age children but also in young adults while VHE often occurs in adults. VHA is common in persons from socially weak communities. Higher incidence has been reported in autumn months as a result of infection acquired during the holidays. VHE is typically acquired in cold months of the year and VHE cases are often associated with home slaughtering. To prevent both types of hepatitis it is necessary to drink safe water and to adhere to rules of personal and operational safety while preparing food. The prevention of VHA consists in active immunization, while that of VHE requires primarily that pork meat and offal should be heat processed and cross contamination between raw materials and final products should be avoided. For both types of hepatitis, epidemiological history and adequate diagnosis are prerequisites for the adoption of effective antiepidemic measures.
Keywords:
viral hepatitis A – viral hepatitis E – incidence characteristics, prevention
Zdroje
1. Husa, P. Virové hepatitidy. Galén : Praha; 2005.
2. WHO position paper Hepatitis A vaccines. Wkly. epid. Rec., 2000, 75, s. 37–44.
3. Beneš, J. Infekční lékařství. Galén : Praha, 2009.
4. Positive Test Results for Acute Hepatitis A Virus infection among Persons with no recent history of acute Hepatitis. CDC –MMWR, 2005, 54, s. 452–456.
5. Outbreak of hepatitis A – Shanghai. Wkly epid. Rec., 1988, 63, 13, s. 91–92.
6. Halliday, M., Lai-Yi-Kang, Ting-Kui-Zhou et al. An epidemic of Hepatitis A attributable to the ingestion of raw flaks in Shanghai. J. Infect. Dis., 1991, 1964, 5, s. 852–859.
7. Koff, R. Preventing hepatitis A infections in travelers to endemic areas. Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 1995, 53, 6, s. 586–590.
8. Steffen, R. Active Impfung gegen Hepatitis A: Höher Schutz bereits nach der ersten Injektion. Reisemedizin- Highlights. 1994, 1, 1, s. 21.
9. Meng, X. J. Hepatitis E virus:animal reservoirs and zoonotic risk. Vet. Mikrobiol., 2010, 140, s. 256–265.
10. Vivek, R., Kang, G. Hepatitis E virus infections in swine and swine handelrs in Vellore, Southern India. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 2011, 84, 4, s. 647–649.
11. Vasickova, P., Slany, M., Chalupa, P. et al. Detection and Phylogenetic Charakterization of Human Hepatitis E Virus Strains, Czech Republic. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2011, 17, 5, s. 917–919.
12. Bächlein, C., Grummer, B. Hepatitis E – a new zoonotic disease in Germany? Berl. Munch Tierarztl. Wochenschr., 2010, 123, 5–6, s. 198–204.
13. Frösner, G. Die Hepatitis gehört nicht ins Reiseprogramm. Selecta, 1998, 40, 27, s. 20.
14. Hepatitis E facto sheed revise. Wkly. epid. Rec., 2004, 79, 35, 3, s. 314–316.
15. Vishwanathan, R. Infectious hepatitis in Delhi (1955–1956): a critical study: epidemiology. Indian J. Med. Res., 1957, 45, Suppl. 1, s. 1–29.
16. Aggarwal, R. Hepatitis E: Historical, contemporary and future perspectives. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2011, 26, Suppl 1, s. 72–82.
17. Rab, M., Bile, M., Mubarik, M. et al. Vater epidemie of Hepatitis E in Islamabad. Amer. J. Trop. Med., 1997, 57, 2, s. 151–157.
18. Kamar, N., Garrouste, C., Hagsma, E. B. et al. Factors associated with chronic hepatitis in patiens with hepatitis E infection who have received solid organ transplants. Gastroenterology, 2011, 140, 5, Eupub. 2011.
19. Kumar, A., Beniwal, M., Kar, P., Sharma, J. B., Murthy, N. S. Hepatitis E in pregnancy. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet., 2004, 85, 3, s. 240–244.
20. Trmal, J., Pavlík, I., Vašíčková, P. et al. Epidemie virové hepatitidy E v České republice? Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol., 2012, 61, 1–2, s. 15–20.
Štítky
Hygiene and epidemiology Medical virology Clinical microbiologyČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Epidemiology, Microbiology, Immunology
2013 Číslo 1
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Bacterial Infection as a Cause of Infertility in Humans
- Antimalarial Prophylaxis in Travelers to Malaria Risk Areas
- Differences in the Incidence of Viral Hepatitis A and E in the Czech Republic
- Incidence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in the Czech Republic in 2001–2011 in Different Administrative Regions and Municipalities with Extended Power