Úloha endogénnych retrovírusov v ľudskom organizme
Authors:
M. Mazúrová 1; P. Kabát 1,2
Authors place of work:
Univerzita Komenského, Prírodovedecká fakulta, Katedra mikrobiológie a virológie, Bratislava, Slovenská republika
1; Biomedicínske centrum SAV – Virologický ústav, Bratislava, Slovenská republika
2
Published in the journal:
Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 72, 2023, č. 3, s. 140-150
Category:
Review Article
Summary
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are genetic elements that were integrated into the host genome more than 100 million years ago. Their integration took place in germ cells, ensuring their vertical transmission in the human population. They are currently thought to make up to 8 % of the human genome. During evolution, various mutations have accumulated in endogenous retroviruses, leading to their dysfunction, and were therefore considered as junk DNA in the past. However, in recent years it has turned out that they are not completely dysfunctional. With more data becoming available from human genome analyses, their potential roles in the human body are being revealed.
Keywords:
genome – endogenous retroviruses – integration
Zdroje
- Knipe DM, Howley PM, Cohen JI, et al. Fields Virology, 6th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins a Wolters Kluwer. Philadelphia. 2013. 2582 s. ISBN 978-1-45-110563-6.
- Weiss RA. The discovery of endogenous retroviruses. Retrovirology, 2006;3(67):1–11. doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-3-67.
- Cloyd MW. Human Retroviruses. In: Baron S. Medical Microbiology, 4th edition. University of Texas Medical Branch: Galveston; 1996. ISBN 10: 0-9631172-1-1, Chapter 62. Dostupné na https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK7934.
- Fauquet CM, Fargette D. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and the 3,142 unassigned species. Virol J, 2005;2:64. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-2-64. PMID: 16105179; PMCID: PMC1208960.
- Haig D. Retroviruses and the placenta. Curr Biol, 2012;22(15): R609-613. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.002. PMID: 22877784.
- Grandi N, Tramontano E. Human Endogenous Retroviruses Are Ancient Acquired Elements Still Shaping Innate Immune Responses. Front Immunol, 2018;9:2039. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02039. PMID: 30250470; PMCID: PMC6139349.
- Hurst TP, Magiorkinis G. Epigenetic Control of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Expression: Focus on Regulation of Long-Terminal Repeats (LTRs). Viruses, 2017;9(6):130. doi: 10.3390/ v9060130.
- Stoye JP. Endogenous retroviruses: still active after all these years? Curr Biol, 2001;11(22):R914–6. doi: 10.1016/s09609822(01)00553-x. PMID: 11719237.
- Johnson WE. Origins and evolutionary consequences of ancient endogenous retroviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2019; 17(6):355–370. doi: 10.1038/s41579-019-0189-2.10.
- Gifford R, Tristem M. The evolution, distribution and diversity of endogenous retroviruses. Virus Genes, 2003;26(3):291–315. doi: 10.1023/a:1024455415443.
- Chuong EB. The placenta goes viral: Retroviruses control gene expression in pregnancy. PLoS Biol. 2018;16(10):e3000028. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000028.
- Mi S, Lee X, Li X, et al. Syncytin is a captive retroviral envelope protein involved in human placental morphogenesis. Nature, 2000;403(6771):785–789. doi: 10.1038/35001608. PMID: 10693809.
- Kurth R, Bannert N. Beneficial and detrimental effects of human endogenous retroviruses. Int J Cancer, 2010;15;126(2):306–314. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24902. PMID: 19795446.
- Lee X, Keith JC Jr, Stumm N, et al. Downregulation of placental syncytin expression and abnormal protein localization in pre-eclampsia. Placenta, 2001;22(10):808–812. doi: 10.1053/ plac.2001.0722. PMID: 11718567.
- Esnault C, Priet S, Ribet D, et al. A placenta-specific receptor for the fusogenic, endogenous retrovirus-derived, human syncytin-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2008, 11;105(45):17532–17537. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0807413105. Epub 2008 Nov 6. PMID: 18988732; PMCID: PMC2582322.
- Tug E, Yirmibes Karaoguz M, Nas T. Expression of the syncytin-1 and syncytin-2 genes in the trophoblastic tissue of the early pregnancy losses with normal and abnormal karyotypes. Gene, 2020;741:144533. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144533. Epub 2020 Mar 4. PMID: 32145327.
- Gao Y, He Z, Wang Z, et al. Increased expression and altered methylation of HERVWE1 in the human placentas of smaller fetuses from monozygotic, dichorionic, discordant twins. PLoS One, 2012;7(3):e33503. doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0033503. Epub 2012 Mar 21. PMID: 22457770; PMCID: PMC3310130.
- Srinivasachar Badarinarayan S, Sauter D. Switching Sides: How Endogenous Retroviruses Protect Us from Viral Infections. J Virol, 2021;95(12):e02299–02320. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02299-20. PMID: 33883223; PMCID: PMC8315955.
- Cohen CJ, Lock WM, Mager DL. Endogenous retroviral LTRs as promoters for human genes: a critical assessment. Gene, 2009;448(2):105–114. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2009.06.020. Epub 2009 Jul 3. PMID: 19577618.
- Blonberg J, Ushameckis D, Jern P. Evolutionary Aspects of Human Endogenous Retroviral Sequences (HERVs) and Disease. In Madame Curie Bioscience Database [Internet]. Landes Bioscience, Austin. 2000–2013. Dostupné na www: https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6235/.
- Dunn-Fletcher CE, Muglia LM, Pavlicev M, et al. Anthropoid primate-specific retroviral element THE1B controls expression of CRH in placenta and alters gestation length. PLoS Biol, 2018;16(9):e2006337. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006337. PMID: 30231016; PMCID: PMC6166974.
- Fischer S, Echeverria N, Cristina J, et al. Human Endogenous Retrovirus: Their Relationship with Hematological Diseases. J Leuk, 2016;4:217. doi: 10.4172/2329-6917.1000217.
- Gonzalez-Cao M, Iduma P, Karachaliou N, et al. Human endogenous retroviruses and cancer. Cancer Biol Med. 2016 Dec;13(4):483-488. doi: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0080. PMID: 28154780; PMCID: PMC5250606.
- Balestrieri E, Pitzianti M, Matteucci C, et al. Human endogenous retroviruses and ADHD. World J Biol Psychiatry, 2014;15(6):499–504. doi: 10.3109/15622975.2013.862345. Epub 2013 Nov 28.PMID: 24286278.
- Tugnet N, Rylance P, Roden D, et al. Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) and Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease: Is There a Link? Open Rheumatol J, 2013;7:13–21. doi: 10.2174/1874312901307010013. PMID: 23750183; PMCID: PMC3636489.
- Aftab A, Shah AA, Hashmi AM. Pathophysiological Role of HERV-W in Schizophrenia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2016;28(1):17–25. doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.15030059.Epub 2015 Sep 25. PMID: 26404170.
- Salavatiha Z, Soleimani-Jelodar R, Jalilvand S. The role of endogenous retroviruses-K in human cancer. Rev Med Virol, 2020;30(6):1–13. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2142. PMID: 32734655.
- Chan SM, Sapir T, Park SS, Rual JF, Contreras-Galindo R, Reiner O, Markovitz DM. The HERV-K accessory protein Np9 controls viability and migration of teratocarcinoma cells. PLoS One, 2019;14(2):e0212970. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212970. PMID: 30818388; PMCID: PMC6394991.
- Zhang M, Liang JQ, Zheng S. Expressional activation and functional roles of human endogenous retroviruses in cancers. Rev Med Virol, 2019;29(2):e2025. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2025. Epub 2019 Jan 6. PMID: 30614117; PMCID: PMC6590502.
- Bannert N, Hofmann H, Block A, et al. HERVs New Role in Cancer: From Accused Perpetrators to Cheerful Protectors. Front Microbiol, 2018;13;9:178. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00178. PMID: 29487579; PMCID: PMC5816757.
- Gröger V, Cynis H. Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Their Putative Role in the Development of Autoimmune Disorders Such as Multiple Sclerosis. Front Microbiol, 2018 ;9:265. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00265. PMID: 29515547; PMCID: PMC5826199.
- Huang G, Li Z, Wan X, et al. Human endogenous retroviral K element encodes fusogenic activity in melanoma cells. J Carcinog, 2013;12:5. doi: 10.4103/1477-3163.109032. PMID: 23599687; PMCID: PMC3622401.
- Lin AT, Magiorkinis G. Role of Endogenous Retroviruses in Human Genetic Diseases. In eLS. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. 2016. doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0026711.
- Greenig M. HERVs, immunity, and autoimmunity: understanding the connection. PeerJ. 2019;7:e6711. doi: 10.7717/ peerj.6711. PMID: 30984482; PMCID: PMC6452852.
- Trela M, Nelson PN, Rylance PB. The role of molecular mimicry and other factors in the association of Human Endogenous Retroviruses and autoimmunity. APMIS, 2016;124(1–2):88–104. doi: 10.1111/apm.12487. PMID: 26818264.
- Brütting C, Emmer A, Kornhuber ME, et al. Cooccurrences of Putative Endogenous Retrovirus-Associated Diseases. Biomed Res Int, 2017;2017:7973165. doi: 10.1155/2017/7973165. Epub 2017 Feb 23. PMID: 28326328; PMCID: PMC5343228.
- Arru G, Mameli G, Deiana GA, et al. Humoral immunity response to human endogenous retroviruses K/W differentiates between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurological diseases. European Journal of Neurology, 2018;25(8):1076–1084.
- Nelson P, Rylance P, Roden D, et al. Viruses as potential pathogenic agents in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus, 2014;23(6):596–605.
- Levet S, Charvet B, Bertin A, et al. Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep, 2019;19(12):141. doi: 10.1007/s11892-019-1256-9.
- Hadlock K, Miller RR, JIN X, et al. Elevated rates of antibody reactivity to HML-2/Herv-K but not other endogenous retroviruses in ALS. Neurology, 2004;5(2):63.
- Balestrieri E, Arpino C, Matteucci C, et al. HERVs expression in Autism Spectrum Disorders. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48831. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048831.
- D΄Agati E, Pitzianti M, Balestrieri E, et al. First evidence of HERV-H transcriptional activity reduction after methylphenidate treatment in a young boy with ADHD. New Microbiol, 2016;39(3):237– 239.
Štítky
Hygiene and epidemiology Medical virology Clinical microbiologyČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Epidemiology, Microbiology, Immunology
2023 Číslo 3
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Mykobakteriózy – nejčastější původci
- Lidská babesióza
- Nárůst prevalence celiakie – kde hledat odpovědi?
- Extracelulární vezikuly v infekčním lékařství – význam a perspektivy