Laboratory monitoring of the treatment with direct oral anticoagulants

Česká verzia

Authors: Lucia Stančiaková ¹; Rid Škorňová ¹; Jela Ivanková ¹; Miroslava Dobrotová ¹; Ivana Plameňová ¹; Pavol Hollý ¹; Tomáš Bolek ²; Matej Samoš ²; Peter Kubisz ¹; Ján Staško ¹
Authors place of work: Národné centrum hemostázy a trombózy, Klinika hematológie a transfuziológie JLF UK a UNM, Martin ¹; I. interná klinika JLF UK a UNM, Martin ²
Published in the journal: Forum Diab 2022; 11(2): 102-107
Category:

Summary

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are currently one of the alternatives of anticoagulant treatment that does not require routine laboratory monitoring, is relatively safe, effective and thanks to the dosage scheme also convenient for the patient. However, there are some clinical situations, in which the laboratory control of their effectiveness is inevitable (e.g. in patients with renal or liver dysfunction, in the case of the suspicion of non-compliance of the patient or his overdose). In the article, we describe mechanism of action of DOACs, their pharmacological properties and related detection of their influence on hemostasis. This information is enriched by the part about clinical aspects of the use of DOACs including life-threatening states and possibilities of the reversal of these agents.

Keywords:

effectiveness – laboratory monitoring – direct oral anticoagulants

Zdroje

1. Madan S, Shah S, Dale P et al. Use of novel oral anticoagulant agents in venous thromboembolism. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2016; 6(6): 570–581. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/cdt.2016.11.17>.

2. Makaryus JN, Halperin JL, Lau JF. Oral anticoagulants in the management of venous thromboembolism. Nat Rev Cardiol 2013; 10: 397–409. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2013.73>.

3. Dunois C. Laboratory Monitoring of Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs). Biomedicines 2021; 9(5): 445. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9050445>.

4. Štvrtinová V et al (ed). Venózny tromboembolizmus. SAP – Slovak Academic Press: Bratislava 2018: 239–248. ISBN 978–80–89171–63–7.

5. Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M et al. [European Heart Rhythm Association]. European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2013; 15(5): 625–651. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/eut083>

6. Mekaj YH, Mekaj AY, Duci SB et al. New oral anticoagulants: their advantages and disadvantages compared with vitamin K antagonists in the prevention and treatment of patients with thromboembolic events. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11: 967–977. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S84210>.

7. Bonar R, Favaloro E J, Mohammed S et al. The effect of the direct factor Xa inhibitors apixaban and rivaroxaban on haemostasis tests: a comprehensive assessment using in vitro and ex vivo samples. Pathology 2016; 48(1): 60–71. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2015.11.025>.

8. He K, Luettgen JM, Zhang D et al. Preclinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of apixaban, a potent and selective factor Xa inhibitor. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011; 36(3): 129–139. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13318–011–0037-x>.

9. Frost CE, Song Y, Shenker A et al Effects of age and sex on the single-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of apixaban. Clin Pharmacokinet 2015; 54(6): 651–662. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40262–014–0228–0>.

10. Favaloro EJ, Pasalic L, Curnow J et al. Laboratory monitoring or measurement of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs): Advantages, limitations and future challenges. Curr Drug Metab 2017; 18(7): 598–608. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200218666170417124035>.

11. Staško J, Ivanková J, Škorňová I et al. Laboratórne monitorovanie nových perorálnych antikoagulancií. InVitro 2016; 4(4): 67–72. Dostupné z WWW: <https://www.unilabs.sk/clanky-invitro/laboratorne-monitorovanie-novych-peroralnych-antikoagulancii>.

12. Samuelson BT, Cuker A, Siegal DM et al. Laboratory Assessment of the Anticoagulant Activity of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review. Chest 2017; 151(1): 127–138. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2016.08.1462>.

13. Škorňová I, Slavík L (eds). Hemostáza: laboratorní metody, jejich využití a interpretace ve vybraných klinických situacích. Vydavatelství Univerzity Palackého: Olomouc 2020: 168–176. ISBN 978–80–244–6014–7.

14. Douxfils J, Ageno W, Samama CM et al. Laboratory testing in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants: a practical guide for clinicians. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16(2): 209–219. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jth.13912>.

15. Pradaxa 110 mg tvrdé kapsuly. [29–03–2022]. Dostupné z WWW: <https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/pradaxa-epar-product-information_sk.pdf>.>.

16. Lixiana 60 mg filmom obalené tablety. [28–03–2022]. Dostupné z WWW: <https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/lixiana-epar-product-information_sk.pdf>.

17. Pradaxa 150 mg tvrdé kapsuly. SPC. Dostupné z WWW: <https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/pradaxa-epar-product-information_sk.pdf>.

18. Eliquis 2,5 mg filmom obalené tablety. [29–03–2022]. Dostupné z WWW: <https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/eliquis-epar-product-information_sk.pdf>.

19. Eliquis 5 mg filmom obalené tablety. SPC. Dostupné z WWW: <https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/eliquis-epar-product-information_sk.pdf >.

20. Skelley JW, Thomason AR, Nolen JC et al. Betrixaban (Bevyxxa). A Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulant Factor Xa Inhibitor. P T. 2018; 43(2):85–88, 120.

21. Dubois V, Dincq AS, Douxfils J et al. Perioperative management of patients on direct oral anticoagulants. Thromb J. 2017; 15: 14. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12959–017–0137–1>.

22. Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M et al. Updated European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 2015; 17(10): 1467–1507. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euv309>.

23. Christos S, Naples R. Anticoagulation Reversal and Treatment Strategies in Major Bleeding: Update 2016. West J Emerg Med 2016; 17(3): 264–270. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2016.3.29294>.

24. Almegren M. Reversal of direct oral anticoagulants. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2017; 13:287–292. Dostupné z DOI: <https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S138890>.