Somatostatin and its use

Česká verzia

Authors: J. Špičák
Authors place of work: Klinika hepatogastroenterologie, IKEM, Praha
Published in the journal: Gastroent Hepatol 2012; 66(6): 458-464
Category: Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology: Review Article

Summary

Somatostatin was discovered more than 40 years ago. It is a peptide with different prevailingly inhibitory effect. Two basic molecules of somatostatin differ particularly in the distribution and length of their action. Somatostatin acts as a hormone, a paracrine and autocrine factor and as a neurotransmitter. The highest concentration of somatostatin producing cells is found in the stomach, duodenum and pancreas. Somatostatin inhibits all, mainly pancreatic and gastric exocrine and endocrine secretion, modulates immunity and affects differentiation and other central nervous system functions. In clinical practice, somatostatin and its longer acting analogues can be used in oesophageal variceal bleeding. It reduces splanchnic circulation due to its direct effect on the cells of the smooth muscle. Thanks to the inhibition of the pancreatic secretion it can be used in the treatment of fistulas and in their prevention after pancreatic surgery. Somatostatin reduces the risk of pancreatitis after ERCP. It has both a symptomatic and inhibitory effect on neuroendocrine tumours. In the CzechRepublic it also plays a role as an OctreoScan in diagnostics. Somatostatin is also used in acromegaly, meningioma, polycystosis, angiodysplasia, Cushing syndrome and for ascites of unknown origin.

Key words:
somatostatin – portal hypertension – pancreatitis – secretion – endoleak – fistula

The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study.

The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE „uniform requirements“ for biomedical papers.

Submitted:
22. 8. 2012

Accepted:
30. 8. 2012

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