The late effects of xenobiotics. 1. effect mechanisms and their occurrence in the environment
Authors:
sr. P. Rössner 1; V. Bencko 2
Authors place of work:
Ústav experimentální medicíny Akademie věd ČR v. v. i., Praha
Ředitelka: prof. MUDr. Eva Syková, DrSc.
; Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. LF a VFN
Ústav hygieny a epidemiologie
Přednosta: prof. MUDr. Vladimír Bencko, DrSc.
2
Published in the journal:
Prakt. Lék. 2008; 88(5): 262-266
Category:
Various Specialization
Summary
The abundant use of chemicals in industry and agriculture is the main source of environmental contamination by xenobiotics. At the present day several million different chemicals are used and human beings are influenced by them from the womb to the grave. Biomonitoring of the genotoxic potential of occupational and environmental factors and their biological effects in man is essential for ensuring primary prevention of the late consequences of exposure to mutagens, carcinogens, substances toxic for human reproduction and allergens, such as human cancers, damage of genetic material, congenital defects, degenerative and allergic diseases. The assessment of the risk, principles and interpretation of the laboratory results and biomonitoring are the main concern for tumour epidemiology, genetic toxicology, experimental and clinical immunology and allergology. The aim of this first paper is to outline the mechanisms of the effects of xenobiotics and their occurrence in the environment and potential risks to human health.
Key words:
xenobiotics, mutagens, carcinogens, allergens, late effects, human cancer, congenital defects.
Zdroje
1. Albertini, R.J., Šrám, R.J., Vacek, P.M., et al. Molecular epidemiological studies in 1,3-butadiene exposed Czech workers: female-male comparisons. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2007, 166, p. 63-77.
2. Ames, B.N., Gold, L.S. Carcinogens and human health. Part 1. Science, 1990, 251, p. 1645-1646.
3. Armitage, P., Doll, R. The age distribution of cancer and multi-stage theory of carcinogenesis. Br. J. Cancer 1954, 8, p. 1-12.
4. Bencko, V., Wagner, V. Metals, metalloids and immunity. Methodological approaches and group diagnostics. Centr. Euro. J. Occup.& Environ. Medicine, 1, 1995, p. 327–337.
5. Bencko, V., Cikrt, M., Lener, J. Toxické kovy v pracovním prostředí. Praha: Grada Avicenum, 1995, 282 s.
6. Bencko, V., Černá, M., Jech., L., Šmíd, J. Exposure of breast-fed children in the Czech Republic to PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs. Environ. Toxicoll. Pharmacol. 18, 2004, p. 83 – 90.
7. Bencko, V., Reichrtová, E. Immunological aspects of exposure to exhaust gases. In: WHO&IPCS International Workshop on Human Health and Environmental Effects of Motor Vehicle Fuels and their Exhaust Emissions, Sydney, Australia, 1992, p.185 -191.
8. Bencko, V. Use of human hair as a biomarker in the assessment of exposure to pollutants in occupational and experimental settings. Toxicology, 1995, 101, p. 29-39.
9. Bolt, H. M. Genotoxicity-threshold or not? Introduction of case of industrial chemicals. Toxicol. Lett. 2003, 140-141, p. 43-51.
10. Choi, H., Jedrychowski, W., Spenler, J. et al. International studies of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fetal growth. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 111, p. 1745-1751.
11. Douwes, J., Travier, N., Huang, K. et al. Lifelong farm exposure may strongly reduce the risk of asthma in adults. Allergy, 2007, 62, p. 1158-1165.
12. Feinberg, A.P. Tycko, B. The history of cancer epigenetics. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2004, 4, p. 143-153.
13. Health relevance of particulate matter from various sources. Report on a WHO workshop (Bonn, Germany, March 2007), WHO Regional office for Europe, Copenhagen 2007.
14. Herceg, Z. Epigenetics and cancer: towards an evaluation of the impact of environmental and dietary factors. Mutagenesis 2007, 22, p. 91-103.
15. Hoek, G., Brunekreef, B., Goldholm, S. et al. Association between mortality and indicators of traffic-related air pollution in the Netherlands. A cohort study. Lancet, 2002, 360, p. 1203-1209.
16. Jones, P., A., Baylin, S.B. The fundamentals role of epigenetic events in cancer. Nat. Rev. 2002, 3, p. 415-428.
17. Kauppinen, T., Pajarskiene, B., Podniece, Z. et al. Occupational exposure to carcinogens in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Czech Republic in 1997. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 2001, 27, p. 343-345.
18. Kučera, J., Bencko, V., Tejral, J. et al. Biomonitoring of occupational exposure: Neutron activation determination of selected metals in the body tissues and fluids of workers manufacturing stainless steel vessels. JRNC 2004, 259, p. 7-11.
19. Le Gros, G., Erb, K., Harris, N. et al. Immunoregulatory networks in asthma. Clin. Exp. Allergy 1998, Suppl. 5, p. 92-96, discussion, p. 117-118.
20. Norppa, H., Bonassi, S., Hansteen IL. et al. Chromosomal aberrations and SCEs as biomarkers of cancer risk. Mutat. Res. 2006, 600, p. 37-45.
21. Pearce, N., Aït-Khaled, N., Beasley, R. et al. Worldwide trends in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: phase III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax 2007, 62, p. 758-66.
22. Pedersen, M., Vinzents, P., Petersen, J.H. et al. Cytogenetic effects in children and mothers exposed to air pollution assessed by the frequency of micronuclei and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): a family pilot study in the Czech Republic. Mutat. Res. 2006, 608, p. 112-120.
23. Petanová, J. Vliv prostředí na imunitní systém. Med. pro praxi 2007, 6, s. 256-258.
24. Pope, C.A., Dockery, D. W. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: Lines that connect. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 2006, 56, p. 709-742.
25. Rössner, P., Bavorová, H., Očadlíková, D. et al. Chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of children as biomarkers of environmental exposure and life style. Toxicol. Lett. 2002, 34, p. 79-85.
26. Rössner, P., Boffetta, P., Ceppi, M. et al. Chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of healthy subjects and risk of cancer. Environ. Health Perspect 2005, 113, p. 517-520.
27. Rössner, P., Černá, M., Bavorová, H. et al. Monitoring of human exposure to occupational genotoxicants. Cent. Eur. J. Public Health 1995, 3, p. 219-223.
28. Rössner, P., Šrám, R.J., Bavorová, H. et al. Spontaneous level of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of control individuals of the Czech Republic population. Toxicol. Lett. 1998, 96-97, p. 137-142.
29. Sorensen, M., Autrup, H., Moller, P. et al. Linking exposure to environmental pollutants with biological effects. Mutat. Res. 2003, 544, p. 255-271.
30. Šmerhovský, Z.., Landa, K., Rössner, P. et al. Risk of cancer in an occupationally exposed cohort with increased level of chromosomal aberrations. Environ. Health Perspect 2001, 109, p. 41-45.
31. Šrám, R.J., Binková, B., Rössner, P. et al. Adverse reproductive outcome from exposure to environmental mutagens. Mutat. Res. 1999, 428, p. 203-215.
32. Šrám, R.J., Rössner, P., Šmerhovský, Z. Cytogenetic analysis and occupational health in the Czech Republic. Mutat. Res. 2004, 566, p. 21-48.
33. Šrám, R.J., Binková, B., Dejmek, J. et al. Association of DNA adducts and genetic polymorphismus with birth weight. Mutat. Res. 2006, 608, p. 121-128.
34. Špičák, V., Panzner, P. Alergologie. Praha: Galén a Karolinum, 2004, 348 s.
35. Travier, N., Jeffreys, M., Brewer, N. et al. Association between glycosylated hemoglobin and cancer risk: a New Zealand linkage study. Ann. Oncol. 2007, 18, p. 1414-1419.
36. Tuček, M., Bencko, V, Krýsl, S. Zdravotní rizika zubních amalgámů. Chem. listy 2007, 101, s. 1038-1044.
37. von Mutius, E., Le Souëf, P.N. Early gene-environment interactions: can they inform primary preventive strategies for asthma? Semin. Respir Crit. Care Med. 2007, 28, p. 255-263.
38. von Mutius, E. Asthma and allergies in rural areas of Europe. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2007, 4, p. 212-216.
39. Státní zdravotní ústav. Výskyt alergických onemocnění u dětí. Dostupný na http://www. szu.cz/uploads/documents/chzp/souhrnna_zprava/Szu_07cz.pdf.
40. Státní zdravotní ústav. Pitná voda. Dostupný na http://www.szu.cz/tema/zivotni-prostredi/pitna-voda.
Štítky
General practitioner for children and adolescents General practitioner for adultsČlánok vyšiel v časopise
General Practitioner
2008 Číslo 5
- Memantine Eases Daily Life for Patients and Caregivers
- Metamizole at a Glance and in Practice – Effective Non-Opioid Analgesic for All Ages
- Metamizole vs. Tramadol in Postoperative Analgesia
- Advances in the Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis on the Horizon
- What Effect Can Be Expected from Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis?
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- The late effects of xenobiotics. 1. effect mechanisms and their occurrence in the environment
- History, present problems and challenges in prevention of nosocomial infections
- Violence as a disquieting phenomenon in contemporary health services
- Treatment of tobacco dependence: prevention, diagnosis and treatment in General Practice