Osteoporosis in diabetes mellitus patients

Česká verzia

Authors: Peter Jackuliak; Magdaléna Kovářová; Martin Kužma; Juraj Payer
Authors place of work: V. interná klinika Lekárskej fakulty UK a UN Bratislava
Published in the journal: Vnitř Lék 2021; 67(5): 291-295
Category: Main Topic

Summary

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is currently a pandemic problem, and the number of diabetic patients is constantly increasing. There are known and established diabetic complication but it is also comorbidities associated with DM cannot be forgotten. One of these is osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. In diabetic patients, the fractures are usually 2 to 6 times higher. In management of diabetes we should screen also the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. From a diabetic point of view, optimum glycaemic control should be achieved, however, we should take into account the effect of antidiabetic agents on bone. In this summary data on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with DM as well as on the effect of antidiabetic agents on bone are presented.

Keywords:

diagnosis – diabetes mellitus – treatment – osteoporosis

Zdroje

1. Costantini S, Conte C. Bone health in diabetes and prediabetes. World J Diabetes, 2019. 10(8): p. 421–445.

2. Shah VN, Shah CS, Snell-Bergeon JK. Type 1 diabetes and risk of fracture: meta-analysis and review of the literature. Diabetic medicine: a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2015; 32(9): p. 1134–1142.

3. Fan Y et al. Diabetes mellitus and risk of hip fractures: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int, 2016; 27(1): p. 219–228.

4. Lipscombe LL et al. The risk of hip fractures in older individuals with diabetes: a population- based study. Diabetes Care, 2007; 30(4): p. 835–841.

5. Dhaliwal R et al. Determinants of fracture in adults with type 1 diabetes in the USA: Results from the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry. J Diabetes Complications, 2018; 32(11): p. 1006–1011.

6. Moayeri A et al. Fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and possible risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Clin Risk Manag, 2017; 13: p. 455–468.

7. Wang H et al. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of fractures at specific sites: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 2019; 9(1): p. e024067.

8. Maurer MS, Burcham J, Cheng H. Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of falls in elderly residents of a long-term care facility. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2005; 60(9): p. 1157–1162.

9. Patel S et al. Risk factors for fractures and falls in older women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Calcif Tissue Int, 2008; 82(2): p. 87–91.

10. Picke A et al. Update on the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on bone metabolism and material properties. Endocrine connections, 2019; 8(3): p. R55–R70.

11. Ferrari SL et al. Diagnosis and management of bone fragility in diabetes: an emerging challenge. Osteoporosis International, 2018; 29(12): p. 2585–2596.

12. Leslie WD et al. TBS (trabecular bone score) and diabetes-related fracture risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013; 98(2): p. 602–609.

13. Ebrahimpur M et al. Effect of diabetes on BMD and TBS values as determinants of bone health in the elderly: Bushehr Elderly Health program. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 2019; 18(1): p. 99–106.

14. Jackuliak P et al. Good long-term glycemic compensation is associated with better trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Physiol Res, 2019; 68(Suppl 2): p. S149–s156.

15. Schwartz AV et al. Association of BMD and FRAX score with risk of fracture in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Jama, 2011; 305(21): p. 2184–2192.

16. Leslie WD et al. Type 2 diabetes and bone. J Bone Miner Res, 2012; 27(11): p. 2231–2237.

17. Giangregorio LM et al. FRAX underestimates fracture risk in patients with diabetes. J Bone Miner Res, 2012; 27(2): p. 301–308.

18. Keegan TH et al. Effect of alendronate on bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in type 2 diabetic women: the fracture intervention trial. Diabetes Care, 2004; 27(7): p. 1547–1553.

19. Cummings SR et al. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. Jama, 1998; 280(24): p. 2077–2082.

20. Dagdelen S et al. Influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on bone mineral density response to bisphosphonates in late postmenopausal osteoporosis. Advances in Therapy, 2007; 24(6): p. 1314–1320.

21. Inoue D et al. Efficacy and Safety of Risedronate in Osteoporosis Subjects with Comorbid Diabetes, Hypertension, and/or Dyslipidemia: A Post Hoc Analysis of Phase III Trials Conducted in Japan. Calcified Tissue International, 2016; 98(2): p. 114–122.

22. Johnell O et al. Associations Between Baseline Risk Factors and Vertebral Fracture Risk in the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2004; 19(5): p. 764–772.

23. Schwartz AV et al. Teriparatide in patients with osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes. Bone, 2016; 91: p. 152–158.

24. Langdahl BL et al. Real-world effectiveness of teriparatide on fracture reduction in patients with osteoporosis and comorbidities or risk factors for fractures: Integrated analysis of 4 prospective observational studies. Bone, 2018; 116: p. 58–66.

25. Zebaze R et al. Denosumab Reduces Cortical Porosity of the Proximal Femoral Shaft in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res, 2016; 31(10): p. 1827–1834.

26. Hayakawa N, Suzuki A. Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Effect of antidiabetic medicine on osteoporotic fracture. Clin Calcium, 2012; 22(9): p. 1383–1390.

27. Jackuliak P et al. Effect of antidiabetic treatment on bone. Physiol Res, 2019; 68(Suppl 2): p. S107–s120.

28. Paul T, Thomas N. Impact of oral antidiabetic agents on bone metabolism. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2015; 141(4): p. 385–388.

29. McCarthy AD, Cortizo AM, Sedlinsky C. Metformin revisited: Does this regulator of AMP-activated protein kinase secondarily affect bone metabolism and prevent diabetic osteopathy. World Journal of Diabetes, 2016; 7(6): p. 122–133.

30. Gilbert MP, Pratley RE. The Impact of Diabetes and Diabetes Medications on Bone Health. Endocrine Reviews, 2015; 36(2): p. 194–213.

31. Vestergaard P et al. Relative fracture risk in patients with diabetes mellitus, and the impact of insulin and oral antidiabetic medication on relative fracture risk. Diabetologia, 2005; 48(7): p. 1292–1299.

32. Schwartz AV. Diabetes and Metabolism of Bone, in ENDO 2017: Meet-The-Professor Endocrine Case Management, J. Leahy and A. Danoff, Editors. 2017: Washington DC. p. 63–65.

33. Palermo A et al. Oral anti-diabetic drugs and fracture risk, cut to the bone: safe or dangerous? A narrative review. Osteoporos Int, 2015; 26(8): p. 2073–2089.

34. Lecka-Czernik B. Safety of Anti-Diabetic Therapies on Bone. Clinical Rev Bone Miner Metab., 2013; 11(1): p. 49-58.

35. Molinuevo MS et al. Effect of metformin on bone marrow progenitor cell differentiation: In vivo and in vitro studies. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2010; 25(2): p. 211–221.

36. Sundararaghavan V et al. Diabetes and bone health: latest evidence and clinical implications. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, 2017; 9(3): p. 67–74.

37. Melton LJ et al. Fracture risk in type 2 diabetes: update of a population-based study. J Bone Miner Res, 2008; 23(8): p. 1334–1342.

38. Russo GT et al. Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Perspectives and Gender Differences. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2016; 2016: p. 1615735.

39. Mehta S. Comparative Safety of Oral Antidiabetic Therapy on Risk of Fracture in Patients with Diabetes, in American Diabetes Association 2014 Scientific Sessions; 2014: p. 165-OR.

40. Medscape Sulfonylureas May Up Fracture Risk in Diabetes, Along With TZDs. 2014.

41. Mieczkowska A et al. Thiazolidinediones induce osteocyte apoptosis by a G protein- coupled receptor 40-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem, 2012; 287(28): p. 23517–23526.

42. Loke YK, Singh S, Furberg CD. Long-term use of thiazolidinediones and fractures in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2009; 180(1): p. 32–39.

43. Ceccarelli E et al. Beyond Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus: Effects of Incretin- -Based Therapies on Bone Metabolism. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2013; 4(73): p. 1–12.

44. Monami M et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and bone fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Care, 2011; 34(11): p. 2474–2476.

45. Nauck MA et al. Dapagliflozin Versus Glipizide as Add-on Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control With Metformin: A randomized, 52-week, double-blind, active-controlled noninferiority trial. Diabetes Care, 2011; 34(9): p. 2015–2022.

46. List JF et al. Sodium-Glucose Cotransport Inhibition With Dapagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2009; 32(4): p. 650–657.

47. Ljunggren Ö et al. Dapagliflozin has no effect on markers of bone formation and resorption or bone mineral density in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2012; 14(11): p. 990–999.

48. Kohan DE et al. Long-term study of patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment shows that dapagliflozin reduces weight and blood pressure but does not improve glycemic control. Kidney International, 2014; 85(4): p. 962–971.

49. Watts NB et al. Effects of Canagliflozin on Fracture Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2016; 101(1): p. 157–166.

50. Campos Pastor MM et al. Intensive insulin therapy and bone mineral density in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. Osteoporos Int, 2000; 11(5): p. 455–459.

51. Fowlkes JL et al. Contributions of the Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Axis to Diabetic Osteopathy. Journal of diabetes & metabolism, 2011; 1(3): p. S1-003.

52. Zhukouskaya VV et al. Bone Health in Type 1 Diabetes: Where We Are Now and How We Should Proceed. Advances in Endocrinology, 2014; 2014: p. 12.

53. Kanazawa I et al. Relationships between serum adiponectin levels versus bone mineral density, bone metabolic markers, and vertebral fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol, 2009; 160(2): p. 265–273.

54. Chandran M. Diabetes Drug Effects on the Skeleton. Calcified Tissue International, 2017; 100(2): p. 133–149.

55. Ferrari S. Diabetes and Bone. Calcif Tissue Int, 2017; 100(2): p. 107–108.

56. Quandt SA et al. Predictors of Falls in a Multiethnic Population of Older Rural Adults With Diabetes. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2006; 61(4): p. 394–398.