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Průtok krve tukovou tkání a metabolický syndrom


Adipose tissue blood flow and metabolic syndrome

Worldwide growth of obesity and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus reach the extent of a pandemy and represent a considerable medical and economic problem. An attention devoted to adipose tissue has led to the shift in general perception of its importance. It becomes evident that adipose tissue is not by far only an energy store with thermal and mechanical protection of other organs and body. A number of important functions in intermediary metabolism and hormonal interactions with other tissues have been disclosed. Metabolic flexibility of adipose tissue represents an essential protection against undesirable effects of excessive energy intake. Nevertheless, after exceeding of its physiological capacity adipose tissue becomes an important cause of insulin resistance, oxidative stress and a number of other derangements leading to atherosclerosis progression and increase of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Not only adipocytes but also stromal cells and vascular bed participate in the physiological and pathological functions of adipose tissue. Adequate regulation of adipose tissue blood flow ensures communication with other systems and appropriate reactions to energy needs of the organism. Disturbances in adipose tissue blood flow evolve at early stages of obesity and participate in the worsening of metabolic syndrome.

Key words:
adipose tissue blood flow, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin, insulin resistance.


Autori: Richard Sotorník
Pôsobisko autorov: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 3. lékařská fakulta, II. interní klinika FNKV
Vyšlo v časopise: Čas. Lék. čes. 2010; 149: 155-159
Kategória: Review Article

Súhrn

Celosvětově narůstá výskyt obezity a diabetes mellitus 2. typu. Situace nabývá charakteru pandemie a představuje významný medicínsko-ekonomický problém. Pozornost, která byla a je v této souvislosti věnována tukové tkáni, vedla k posunu představ o jejím významu pro organismus. Ukázalo se, že zdaleka nejde jen o energetickou zásobárnu zajišťující tepelnou a mechanickou izolaci ostatních orgánů a organismu. Byla odhalena řada významných fyziologických funkcí v látkové přeměně a hormonálních interakcích s ostatními tkáněmi zúčastněných v intermediálním metabolismu i mimo něj. Metabolická flexibilita tukové tkáně je významnou ochranou před nežádoucími účinky nadměrného energetického přívodu. Po přesáhnutí její fyziologické kapacity se však stává spolupodílníkem na rozvoji inzulínové rezistence, oxidačního stresu a dalších odchylek vedoucích ve svém důsledku k urychlení aterosklerotického procesu a zvýšené kardiovaskulární morbiditě a mortalitě. Na fyziologických a patologických funkcích tukové tkáně se nepodílejí jen adipocyty, ale též další její složky, například stromální buňky a cévní systém. Adekvátní regulace cévního zásobení umožňuje komunikaci tukové tkáně s dalšími systémy a reagování na energetický stav organismu. Změny krevního průtoku tukovou tkání se vyvíjejí od časných stadií obezity a spolupodílí se na prohlubování nepříznivých odchylek intermediálního metabolismu.

Klíčová slova:
průtok krve tukovou tkání, obezita, diabetes mellitus 2. typu, inzulín, inzulínová rezistence.

Za cenné podněty a připomínky k článku autor děkuje doc. MUDr. V. Štichovi a MUDr. J. Polákovi.

Adresa pro korespondenci:

MUDr. Richard Sotorník

Endokrinologická ambulance II. interní kliniky FNKV

Šrobárova 50, 100 53 Praha 10

fax: +420 267 162 710, e-mail: sotornik@yahoo.com


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