Large language models are changing landscape of academic publications. A positive transformation?

Česká verzia

Authors: Martin Májovský; Martin Černý; David Netuka
Authors place of work: Neurochirurgická a neuroonkologická klinika 1. LF UK a ÚVN Praha
Published in the journal: Čas. Lék. čes. 2023; 162: 294-297
Category: Review Article

Summary

The advent of large language models (LLMs) based on neural networks marks a significant shift in academic writing, particularly in medical sciences. These models, including OpenAI's GPT-4, Google's Bard, and Anthropic’s Claude, enable more efficient text processing through transformer architecture and attention mechanisms. LLMs can generate coherent texts that are indistinguishable from human-written content. In medicine, they can contribute to the automation of literature reviews, data extraction, and hypothesis formulation. However, ethical concerns arise regarding the quality and integrity of scientific publications and the risk of generating misleading content.

This article provides an overview of how LLMs are changing medical writing, the ethical dilemmas they bring, and the possibilities for detecting AI-generated text. It concludes with a focus on the potential future of LLMs in academic publishing and their impact on the medical community.

Keywords:

large language models (LLMs), neural networks, academic writing, artificial intelligence, transformer architecture, scientific research automation, publishing ethics, detection of AI-generated text

Zdroje

Stokel-Walker C. ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove. Nature 2023; 613 (7945): 620–621.
Editorial. Tools such as ChatGPT threaten transparent science; here are our ground rules for their use. Nature 2023; 613: 612.
Májovský M, Černý M, Kasal M et al. Artificial intelligence can generate fraudulent but authentic-looking scientific medical articles: Pandora’s box has been opened. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25: e46924.
Májovský M, Černý M, Netuka D. Umělá inteligence při tvorbě odborného medicínského textu – dobrý sluha, ale zlý pán. Česká a slovenská neurologie a neurochirurgie 2023; 86 (3): 205–207.
Gao CA, Howard FM, Markov NS et al. Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to real abstracts with detectors and blinded human reviewers. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6 (1): 75.
Dathathri S, Madotto A, Lan J et al. Plug and play language models: simple approach to controlled text generation. arXiv 2019: 1912.02164.
Else H, Van Noorden R. The fight against fake-paper factories that churn out sham science. Nature 2021; 591 (7851): 516–519.
Májovský M, Mikolov T, Netuka D. AI is changing the landscape of academic writing: what can be done? Authors’ reply to: AI increases the pressure to overhaul the scientific peer review process. Comment on "artificial intelligence can generate fraudulent but authentic-looking scientific medical articles: Pandora's box has been opened". J Med Internet Res 2023; 25: e50844.
Desaire H, Chua AE, Isom M et al. Distinguishing academic science writing from humans or ChatGPT with over 99% accuracy using off-the-shelf machine learning tools. Cell Rep Phys Sci 2023; 4 (6): 101426.
Weber-Wulff D, Anohina-Naumeca A, Bjelobaba S et al. Testing of detection tools for AI-generated text. arXiv 2023: 2306.15666.
Pal S, Bhattacharya M, Lee SS, Chakraborty C. A domain-specific next-generation large language model (LLM) or ChatGPT is required for biomedical engineering and research. Ann Biomed Eng 2024 Mar; 52 (3): 451–454.

Štítky

Addictology Allergology and clinical immunology Angiology Audiology Clinical biochemistry Dermatology & STDs Paediatric gastroenterology Paediatric surgery Paediatric cardiology Paediatric neurology Paediatric ENT Paediatric psychiatry Paediatric rheumatology Diabetology Pharmacy Vascular surgery Pain management Dental Hygienist

Článek Úvodem

Článek Artificial intelligence in medicine and healthcare: Opportunity and/or threat

Článek Zogala D. Artificial intelligence in medical imaging

Článek Artificial intelligence’s contribution to early pulmonary lesion detection in chest X-rays: insights from two retrospective studies on a Czech population

Článek Artificial intelligence in diabetic retinopathy screening: from idea to a medical device in clinical practice

Článek

Článek Trends in fertility and abortion in Czechia

Článek Changes in contraceptive behavior in Czechia

Článek Reproductive plan of women in Czechia in the context of late reproductive regime and the COVID-19 pandemic

Článek Infertility problems in the context of reproductive ageing

Článek The relation between age at menopause and age at first childbirth

Článek Questions and questionnaires about acute climacteric syndrome