Calcaneal fractures – current trends and pitfalls
Authors:
V. Bába 1,2; L. Kopp 1,2
Authors place of work:
Klinika úrazové chirurgie Fakulty zdravotnických studií Univerzity J. E. Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem a Krajské, zdravotní a. s. – Masarykovy nemocnice v Ústí nad Labem
1; Ústav anatomie, 2. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Praha
2
Published in the journal:
Rozhl. Chir., 2021, roč. 100, č. 8, s. 369-375.
Category:
Review
doi:
https://doi.org/10.33699/PIS.2021.100.8.369–375
Summary
Calcaneal fractures, being the most common tarsal fractures, pose a therapeutic challenge. Even today there is no consensus on their ideal treatment. The authors present review of current literature focusing on this topic. Diagnostic techniques and most commonly used classification systems are discussed as well as the algorithm for conservative or surgical treatment based on the current trends. Among surgical procedures and implants, various open and minimally invasive techniques are presented, together with a variety of implants, including screws, nails and plates. Most frequent complications, their prevention and solutions are also scrutinized.
Keywords:
calcaneus – fractures – osteosynthesis − complications
Zdroje
1. Epstein N, Chandran S, Chou L. Current concepts review: Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus. Foot Ankle Int. 2012;33(1):79–86. doi:10.3113/ FAI.2012.0079.
2. Sengodan VC, Amruth KH, Karthikeyan. Bohler’s and Gissane angles in the Indian population. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2012;2:77. doi:10.4103/2156-7514.104310.
3. Mitchell MJ, McKinley JC, Robinson CM. The epidemiology of calcaneal fractures. Foot. 2009;19(4):197–200. doi:10.1016/j. foot.2009.05.001.
4. Humphrey JA, Woods A, Robinson AHN. The epidemiology and trends in the surgical management of calcaneal fractures in England between 2000 and 2017. Bone Joint J. 2019;101-B(2):140–46. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.101B2.BJJ-2018- 0289.R3.
5. Bohl DD, Nathaniel T, Samuel AM, et al. A study of 14 516 patients in the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank. Foot Ankle Spec. 2017;10(5):402–10. doi:10.1177/1938640016679703.
6. Kannus P, Niemi S, Sievänen H, et al. Fall-induced fractures of the calcaneus and foot in older people: nationwide statistics in Finland between 1970 and 2013 and prediction for the future. Int Orthop. 2016;40(3):509−512. doi:10.1007/ s00264-015-2875-7.
7. Essex-Lopresti P. The mechanism, reduction technique, and results in fractures of the os calcis. Br J Surg. 1952;39(157):395−419. doi:10.1002/ bjs.18003915704.
8. Zwipp H, Tscherne H, Thermann H, et al. Osteosynthesis of displaced intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;290:76–86. doi:10.1097/00003086-199305000- 00011.
9. Schepers T, Lieshout EMM Van, Ginai AZ, et al. Calcaneal fracture classification: A comparative study. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2009;48(2):156–62. doi:10.1053/j. jfas.2008.11.006.
10. Brauer CA, Manns BJ, Ko M, et al. An economic evaluation of operative compared with nonoperative management of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(12):2741– 2749. doi:10.2106/JBJS.E.00166.
11. Sharr PJ, Mangupli MM, Winson IG, et al. Current management options for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures: Non-operative, ORIF, minimally invasive reduction and fixation or primary ORIF and subtalar arthrodesis. A contemporary review. Foot Ankle Surg. 2016;22(1):1−8. doi:10.1016/j.fas.2015.10.003.
12. Rammelt S, Sangeorzan BJ, Swords MP. Calcaneal fractures − should we or should we not operate? Indian J Orthop. 2018;52(3):220–30. doi:10.4103/ortho. IJOrtho_555_17.
13. Rammelt S, Zwipp H. Calcaneus fractures: Facts, controversies and recent developments. Injury 2004;35(5):443–61. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2003.10.006.
14. Hoeve S Van, Poeze M. Outcome of minimally invasive open and percutaneous techniques for repair of calcaneal fractures: A systematic review. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2016;55(6):1256−1263. doi:10.1053/j.jfas.2016.07.003.
15. Kwon JY, Guss D, Lin DE, et al. Effect of delay to definitive surgical fixation on wound complications in the treatment of closed, intra-articular calcaneus fractures. Foot Ankle Int. 2015;36(5):508–517. doi:10.1177/1071100714565178.
16. Stulik J, Stehlik J, Rysavy M, et al. Minimally- invasive treatment of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006; 88(12):1634–1641. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.88B12.17379.
17. Sanders R, Vaupel ZM, Erdogan M, et al. Operative treatment of displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures: Long-term (10-20 years) results in 108 fractures using a prognostic CT classification. J Orthop Trauma 2014;28(10):551–563. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000000169.
18. Benirschke SK, Sangeorzan BJ. Extensive intraarticular fractures of the foot. Surgical management of calcaneal fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993 Jul;(292):128−134.
19. Freeman BJC, Duff S, Allen PE, et al. The extended lateral approach to the hindfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998;80(1):139−142. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.80b1.7987.
20. Burdeax B. Reduction of calcaneal fractures by the McReynolds medial approach technique and its experimental basis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983 Jul– Aug;(177):87−103.
21. Dingemans SA, Meijer ST, Backes M, et al. Outcome following osteosynthesis or primary arthrodesis of calcaneal fractures: A cross-sectional cohort study. Injury 2017;48(10):2336−2341. doi:10.1016/j. injury.2017.08.027.
22. Kopp L, Obruba P, Mišičko R, et al. Artroskopicky asistovaná osteosyntéza kalkanea: klinické a rentgenologické výsledky prospektivní studie. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2012;79(3):228–232.
23. Backes M, Spierings KE, Dingemans SA, et al. Evaluation and quantification of geographical differences in wound complication rates following the extended lateral approach in displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures – A systematic review of the literature. Injury 2017;18(10):2329−2335. doi:10.1016/j. injury.2017.08.015.
24. Clare MP, Crawford WS. Managing complications of calcaneus fractures. Foot Ankle Clin. 2017;22(1):105–116. doi:10.1016/j. fcl.2016.09.007.
25. Kendoff D, Citak M, Gardner M, et al. Three-dimensional fluoroscopy for evaluation of articular reduction and screw placement in calcaneal fractures. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28(11):1165–1171. doi:10.3113/FAI.2007.1165.
26. Wang ZJ, Huang XL, Chu YC, et al. Applied anatomy of the calcaneocuboid articular surface for internal fixation of calcaneal fractures. Injury 2013;44(11):1428–1430. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2012.08.023.
27. Bába V, Kopp L, Cihlář J, et al. Anthropometry of the human calcaneus and orientation of the articular facet for the cuboid bone as a basis for anatomically correct positioning of osteosynthetic screws in fracture treatment. Ann Anat. 2020;232:151–548. doi:10.1016/j. aanat.2020.151548.
28. Reinhardt S, Martin H, Ulmar B, et al. Interlocking nailing versus interlocking plating in intra-articular calcaneal fractures: A biomechanical study. Foot Ankle Int. 2016;37(8):891−897. doi:10.1177/1071100716643586.
29. Goldzak M, Simon P, Mittlmeier T, et al. Primary stability of an intramedullary calcaneal nail and an angular stable calcaneal plate in a biomechanical testing model of intraarticular calcaneal fracture. Injury 2014;45:S49–53. doi:10.1016/j.injury. 2013.10.031.
30. Nelson JD, Mciff TE, Moodie PG, et al. Biomechanical stability of intramedullary technique for fixation of joint depressed calcaneus fracture. Foot Ankle Int. 2010;31(3):229–35. doi:10.3113/ FAI.2010.0229.
31. Jordan MC, Fuchs K, Heintel TM, et al. Are variable-angle locking screws stable enough to prevent calcaneal articular surface collapse? A biomechanical study. J Orthop Trauma 2018;32(6):e204−209. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000001147.
32. Illert T, Rammelt S, Drewes T, et al. Stability of locking and non-locking plates in an osteoporotic calcaneal fracture model. Foot Ankle Int. 2011;32(3):307–313. doi:10.3113/FAI.2011.0307.
Štítky
Surgery Orthopaedics Trauma surgeryČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Perspectives in Surgery
2021 Číslo 8
- Metamizole at a Glance and in Practice – Effective Non-Opioid Analgesic for All Ages
- Metamizole vs. Tramadol in Postoperative Analgesia
- Spasmolytic Effect of Metamizole
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Calcaneal fractures – current trends and pitfalls
- Acute and chronic Achilles tendon ruptures – current diagnostic and therapeutic options
- Spontaneous compartment syndrome of the forearm – case report
- Femoral shaft healing disorder − biomechanics and biology − case report