Varicocele and the signification of its repair

Česká verzia

Authors: M. Nussir; D. Pacík
Published in the journal: Urol List 2013; 11(1): 18-22

Summary

Varicocele is the most common, surgically influenced cause of male infertility. Dilated and varicose changes of the venous pampiniform plexus of the testis cause varicocele. Valvular insufficiency of the spermatic veins allows regurgitation of blood which causes damage to testicular function by increasing intrascrotal temperature. Greeks in the first century observed dilatation of testicular veins with regurgitation of blood and subsequently found ipsilateral testicular atrophy [1]. The authors observe the effect and significance of microsurgical varicocelectomy.

Key words:
varicocele, infertility, spermiogram

Zdroje

1. Howards SS. Varicocele. Fertil Steril 1984; 41(3): 356.

2. Walsh PC, Retik AB, Standy TA et al. Campbell urology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1976.

3. Walsh PC, Retik AB, Standy TA et al. Campbell urology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 2007.

4. Dubin L, Amelar RD. Etiologic factors in 1294 consecutive cases of male infertility. Fertil Steril 1971; 22(8): 469–474.

5. Študent V, Záťura F, Vrtal R et al. Laparoskopická operace varikokély a fertilita muže. Miniinvazivní terapie 1998; 3(1): 26–28.

6. Dubin L, Amelar R. Varicocelectomy: 986 cases in a 12 year study. Urology 1977; 10(5): 446–449.

7. Levine LA, Matkov TG, Lubenow TR. Microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord a surgical alternative in the treatment of chronic orchialgia. J Urol 1996; 155(3): 1005–1007.

8. Cadeddu JA, Bishoff JT, Chan DY et al. Laparoscopic testicular denervation for chronic denervation. J Urol 1999; 162 (3 Pt 1): 733–735.

9. Goldstein M, Gilbert BR, Rocker AP et al. Microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy with delivery of the testis: an artery and lymphatic separing techinque. J Urol 1992; 148(6): 1808–1811.

10. Pryor JL, Howards SS. Varicocele. Urol Clin North Am 1987; 14(3): 499–513.

11. Madgar I, Weissenberg R, Lunenfeld B et al. Controlled trial of high spermatid vein ligation fo varicocele in infertile men. Fert Steril 1995; 63(1): 120–124.

12. Lipshultz LI, Howards SS. Infertility in the male. Mosby 1997; 18: 337–355.

13. Kay R, Alexander N, Baugham WI. Induced in Rhesus monkeys. Fetil Steril 1979; 31(2): 195–199.

14. Zorgniotti AW, MacLoad J. Studies in temperature, human semen quality, and varicocele, Fertil Steril 1973; 24(11): 853–863.

15. Cohen MS, Plaine L, Brown JS. The role of internal spermatic vein plasma catecholamine determinations in subfertile men with varicocele. Feril Steril 1975; 26(12): 1243–1249.

16. Lyon RP, Marshall S, Scoty MP. Varicocele in childhood and adolescence implication in adulthood infertility? Urology 1982; 19(6): 641–644.

17. Pacík D, Turjanica M. Výsledky mikrochirurgické varikokelektomie. Ces Urol 2001; 2: 44–46.

18. Nussir MIA. Změny spermiogramu v závislosti na stupni varikokély. Urol list 2007; 6(3): 70–72.

19. Rajeev Kumar Narmada P. Gupta. Subinguinal Microsurgical Varicoceletomy: Evaluation of of the Results. Urol Int 2003; 71(4): 368–372.

20. Amelar RD, Dubin L, Walsh PC. In Male infertility. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1977: 69–101.

21. Dubin L, Amelar R. Varicocelectomy: 986 cases in a 12 year study. Urology 1977; 10(5): 446–449.

22. Stanwell-Smith RE, Hendry WF. The prognosis male subfertiliy. A survery of 1025 men refereed to a fertiliy clinic. Br J Urol 1984; 56(4): 422–428.

23. Marmar JL, Kim Y. Subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy: A technical critique and statistical analysis of semen and pregnancy data. J Urol 1994; 152(4): 1127–1132.

24. Nussir M, Pacík D. Dlouhodobé výsledky mikrochirurgické varikokelektomie u souboru 131 pacientů. Rozhledy v chir 2006; 10: 550–557.

25. Madgar I, Weissenberg R, Lunenfeld B et al. Controlled trial of high spermatic vein ligation for varicocele in infertile men. Fertil Steril 1995; 63(1): 120–124.

26. Nieschlag E, Behre HM. Testosterone. Action, Deficiency, Substitution. Berlin: Springer 1998.

27. O'Brien JH, Bowles B, Kamal KM et al. Microsurgical Varicocelectomy for Infertile Couples with Advanced Female Age: Natural history in the Era of ART. Journal of Andrology 2004; 25(6): 339–342.

28. Oster J. Varicocele in children and adolescents. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1971; 5(1): 27–32.

29. Comhaire F, Vermeulen A. Varicocele sterility: cortisol and catecholamines. Fertil Steril 1974; 25(1): 88–95.

29. Ito H, Fuse H, Kawamura K et al. Internal spermatid vein prostaglandins in varicocele patients. Fertil Steril 1982; 37(2): 218–222.