Hygiene, Sanitation, and Water: Forgotten Foundations of Health

1. Prüss-ÜstünA

BosR

GoreF

BartramJ

2008 Safer water, better health: costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions to protect and promote health Geneva World Health Organization

2. Boschi-PintoC

VelebitL

ShibuyaK

2008 Estimating child mortality due to diarrhoea in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 86 710 717

3. GuerrantRL

KosekM

LimaAA

LorntzB

GuyattHL

2002 Updating the DALYs for diarrhoeal disease. Trends Parasitol 18 191 193

4. WHO and UNICEF 2010 Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water; 2010 update. Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation

5. WHO and UNICEF 2000 Water Supply and Sanitation Global Assessment Year 2000 Report. Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation

6. ChantR

2008 The role of water, hygiene and sanitation in neonatal mortality [MSc dissertation] London London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

7. CairncrossS

KolskyPJ

1997 Letter: water, waste and well-being. American J Epidemiol 146 359 360

8. EsreySA

PotashJB

RobertsL

SchiffC

1991 Effects of Improved Water Supply and Sanitation on Ascariasis, Diarrhoea, Dracunculiasis, Hookworm Infection, Schistosomiasis and Trachoma. Bull World Health Organ 69 609 621

9. FungIC

CairncrossS

2009 Ascariasis and handwashing. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103 215 222

10. EmersonPM

LindsaySW

AlexanderN

BahM

DibbaSM

2004 Role of flies and provision of latrines in trachoma control: cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 363 1093 1098

11. CurtisV

CairncrossS

2003 Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review. Lancet Inf Dis 3 275 281

12. YeagerBA

HuttlySR

BartoliniR

RojasM

LanataCF

1999 Defecation practices of young children in a Peruvian shanty town. Soc Sci Med 49 531 541

13. CurtisV

DanquahL

AungerR

2009 Planned, motivated and habitual hygiene behaviour: an eleven country review. Health Educ Res 24 655 673

14. VictoraCG

OlintoMT

BarrosFC

NobreLC

1996 Falling diarrhoea mortality in Northeastern Brazil: did ORT play a role? Health Policy Plan 11 132 141

15. BernC

MartinesJ

de ZoysaI

GlassRI

1992 The magnitude of the global problem of diarrhoeal disease: a ten-year update. Bull World Health Organ 70 705 714

16. HumphreyJH

2009 Child undernutrition, tropical enteropathy, toilets, and handwashing. Lancet 374 1032 1035

17. SedgwickWT

MacnuttS

1908 An Examination of the Theorem of Allen Hazen that for every Death from Typhoid Fever Avoided by the Purification of Public Water Supplies, Two or Three Deaths are Avoided from other Causes. Science 28 215 216

18. SchmidtWP

CairncrossS

BarretoML

ClasenT

GenserB

2009 Recent diarrhoeal illness and risk of lower respiratory infections in children under the age of 5 years. Int J Epidemiol doi:10.1093/ije/dyp159

19. HuttonG

HallerL

2004 Evaluation of the costs and benefits of water and sanitation improvements at the global level Geneva World Health Organization WHO/SDE/WSH/04.04

20. GenserB

StrinaA

dos SantosLA

TelesCA

PradoMS

CairncrossS

BarretoML

2008 Impact of a city-wide sanitation intervention in a large urban centre on social, environmental and behavioural determinants of childhood diarrhoea: analysis of two cohort studies. Int J Epidemiol 37 831 840

21. LaxminarayanR

ChowJ

Shahid-SallesSA

2006 Intervention Cost-Effectiveness: Overview of Main Messages.

JamisonDT

BremanJG

MeashamAR

Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd edition Washington DC The World Bank 35 86

22. AcharyaA

PaunioM

2008 Environmental Health and Child Survival; Epidemiology, Economics, Experiences Washington DC The World Bank (Environment Department)

23. NokesC

Grantham-McGregorSM

SawyerAW

CooperES

BundyDA

1992 Parasitic helminth infection and cognitive function in school children. Proc Biol Sci 247 77 81

24. SaktiH

NokesC

HertantoWS

HendratnoS

HallA

1999 Evidence for an association between hookworm infection and cognitive function in Indonesian school children. Trop Med Int Health 4 322 334

25. FryRK

2008 Incorporating water quantity into the water access indicator: the effect on estimates of ‘adequate’ access to water for health in Sub-Saharan Africa. [MSc dissertation]. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

26. ChurchillAA

de FerrantiD

RocheR

TagerC

WaltersAA

1987 Rural water supply & sanitation; time for a change. World Bank Discussion Paper No. 18 Washington DC The World Bank

27. HuttonG

HallerL

BartramJ

2007 Global Cost-Benefit Analysis of Water Supply and Sanitation Interventions. J Water Health 5 481 502

28. PearsonJ

McPhedranK

2008 A literature review of the non-health impacts of sanitation. Waterlines 27 48 61

29. BleakleyH

2007 Disease and development: evidence from hookworm eradication in the American South. Q J Econ 122 73 117

30. SanctuaryM

TroppH

HallerL

2004 Making Water a Part of Economic Development Stockholm Stockholm International Water Institute and World Health Organization for the Commission on Sustainable Development Available: http://www.siwi.org/documents/Resources/Reports/CSD_Making_water_part_of_economic_development_2005.pdf. Accessed 30 September 2010

31. BartramJ

2008 Improving on Haves and Have-nots. Nature 452 283 284

32. WrightJ

GundryS

ConroyR

2004 Household drinking water in developing countries: a systematic review of microbiological contamination between source and point-of-use. Trop Med Int Health 9 106 117

33. KhanMM

AklimunnessaK

KabirM

MoriM

2007 Determinants of drinking arsenic-contaminated tubewell water in Bangladesh. Health Policy Plan 22 335 343

34. BlackRE

DykesAC

AndersonKE

WellsJG

SinclairSP

1981 Handwashing to prevent diarrhea in day-care centers. Am J Epidemiol 113 445 451

35. RobertsL

JormL

PatelM

SmithW

DouglasRM

2000 Effect of infection control measures on the frequency of diarrheal episodes in child care: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 105 743 746

36. CurtisV

BiranA

DeverellK

HughesC

BellamyK

2003 Hygiene in the home: relating bugs and behaviour. Soc Sci Med 57 657 672

37. GeorgiouS

BatemanIJ

2005 Revision of the EU Bathing Water Directive: economic costs and benefits. Mar Pollut Bull 50 430 438

38. [No authors listed] 1994 Address by Lord Clinton-Davis at Institution's Annual Dinner on 23rd February 1994. Water Environment J 8 335 339

39. SchusterCJ

EllisAG

RobertsonWJ

CharronDF

AraminiJJ

2005 Infectious disease outbreaks related to drinking water in Canada, 1974–2001. Can J Public Health 96 254 258

40. BartramJ

ThyssenN

GowersA

PondK

LackT

2002 Water and health in Europe; a joint report from the European Environment Agency and the WHO Regional Office for Europe. WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 93 Copenhagen World Health Organization

41. CorsoPS

KramerMH

BlairKA

AddissDG

DavisJP

2003 Cost of illness in the 1993 waterborne Cryptosporidium outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Emerg Infect Dis 9 426 431

42. WalleyJ

LawnJE

TinkerA

de FranciscoA

ChopraM

2008 Primary health care: making Alma-Ata a reality. Lancet 372 1001 1007

43. RehfuessEA

BruceN

BartramJK

2009 More health for your buck; health sector functions to secure environmental health. Bull World Health Organ 87 880 882

44. BartramJK

PlattJ

2010 Can health professionals lever health gains from improved water, sanitation and hygiene? Public Health In press

45. LuleJR

MerminJ

EkwaruJP

MalambaS

DowningR

2005 Effect of home-based water chlorination and safe storage on diarrhea among persons with human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 926 933

46. WHO 2004 Safe health-care waste management: policy paper Geneva WHO 2004.10

47. SzreterS

1988 The importance of social intervention in Britain's mortality decline c. 1850–1914: a re-interpretation of the role of public health. Soc Hist Med 1 1 38

48. HuttonG

BartramJ

2008 Global costs of attaining the Millennium Development Goal for water supply and sanitation. Bull World Health Organ 86 13 19

49. ADB 2002 Priorities of the Poor in Papua New Guinea Manila Asian Development Bank

50. WilliamsonT

SlaymakerT

NewborneP

2004 Towards better integration of water and sanitation in PRSPs in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Uganda, Malawi and Zambia. Water Policy Programme Briefing 5 London Overseas Development Institute

51. NewborneP

SlaymakerT

CalaguasB

2002 Poverty Reduction and Water: ‘Watsan and PRSPs’ in sub-Saharan Africa Water Policy Programme Briefing 3 London Overseas Development Institute

52. OECD 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, Ownership, Harmonisation, Alignment, Results and Mutual Accountability Paris Development Assistance Committee, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development available: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/11/41/34428351.pdf. Accessed 30 September 2010

53. WHO 2008 Towards a Global Annual Assessment of Drinking-water and Sanitation Geneva WHO

54. HunterPR

MacDonaldAM

CarterRC

2010 Water supply and health. PLoS Med 7 e361 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000361

55. MaraD

LaneJ

ScottB

TroubaD

2010 Sanitation and health. PLoS Med 7 e363 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000363

56. CairncrossS

BartramJ

CummingO

BrocklehurstC

2010 Hygiene, sanitation, and water: What needs to be done? PLoS Med 7 e365 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000365

57. FewtrellL

KaufmannRB

KayD

EnanoriaW

HallerL

2005 Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Lancet Infect Dis 5 42 52

58. MaraDD

1999 Unitary environmental classification of water- and excreta-related diseases. J Environ Engineering 335