Measuring Coverage in MNCH: Indicators for Global Tracking of Newborn Care

English version České info

Neonatal mortality accounts for 43% of under-five mortality. Consequently, improving newborn survival is a global priority. However, although there is increasing consensus on the packages and specific interventions that need to be scaled up to reduce neonatal mortality, there is a lack of clarity on the indicators needed to measure progress. In 2008, in an effort to improve newborn survival, the Newborn Indicators Technical Working Group (TWG) was convened by the Saving Newborn Lives program at Save the Children to provide a forum to develop the indicators and standard measurement tools that are needed to measure coverage of key newborn interventions. The TWG, which included evaluation and measurement experts, researchers, individuals from United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations, and donors, prioritized improved consistency of measurement of postnatal care for women and newborns and of immediate care behaviors and practices for newborns. In addition, the TWG promoted increased data availability through inclusion of additional questions in nationally representative surveys, such as the United States Agency for International Development–supported Demographic and Health Surveys and the United Nations Children's Fund–supported Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. Several studies have been undertaken that have informed revisions of indicators and survey tools, and global postnatal care coverage indicators have been finalized. Consensus has been achieved on three additional indicators for care of the newborn after birth (drying, delayed bathing, and cutting the cord with a clean instrument), and on testing two further indicators (immediate skin-to-skin care and applications to the umbilical cord). Finally, important measurement gaps have been identified regarding coverage data for evidence-based interventions, such as Kangaroo Mother Care and care seeking for newborn infection.

Vyšlo v časopise: Measuring Coverage in MNCH: Indicators for Global Tracking of Newborn Care. PLoS Med 10(5): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001415
Kategorie: Review
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001415

Souhrn

Zdroje

1. United Nations Children's Fund, World Health Organization, The World Bank, United Nations (2012) Levels and trends in child mortality: report 2012—Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. New York: United Nations Children's Fund. Available: http://www.unicef.org.uk/Documents/Publications/UNICEF_2012_IGME_child_mortality_report.pdf. Accessed 21 January 2013.

2. SmithSL, NeupaneS (2010) Factors in health initiative success: Learning from Nepal's newborn survival initiative. Soc Sci Med 72: 568–575.

3. ShiffmanJ (2010) Issue attention in global health: The case of newborn survival. Lancet 375: 2045–2049.

4. LawnJE, KinneyMV, BlackRE, PittC, CousensC, et al. (2012) Newborn survival: A multi-country analysis of a decade of change. Health Policy Plan (Suppl 3) 1–23.

5. HanciogluA, ArnoldF (2013) Measuring coverage in MNCH: Tracking progress in health for women and children using DHS and MICS household surveys. PLoS Med 10: e1001391 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001391.

6. LawnJE, LeeAC, KinneyM, SibleyL, CarloWA, et al. (2009) Two million intrapartum-related stillbirths and neonatal deaths: Where, why, and what can be done? Int J Gynaecol Obstet 107 (Suppl 1) S5–S19.

7. World Health Organization. Pregnancy, Childbirth, Postpartum and Newborn Care: A guide for essential practice. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003. Available: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/924159084x/en/index.html. Accessed 21 January 2013.

8. BaquiAH, AhmedS, El ArifeenS, DarmstadtGL, RosecransAM, et al. (2009) Effect of timing of first postnatal care home visit on neonatal mortality in Bangladesh: A observational cohort study. BMJ 339: b2826 doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2826.

9. BaquiAH, ArifeenSE, WilliamsEK, AhmedS, MannanI, et al. (2009) Effectiveness of home-based management of newborn infections by community health workers in rural Bangladesh. Pediatr Infect Dis J 28: 304–10.

10. World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund (2009) Home visits for the newborn child: A strategy to improve survival. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/who_fch_cah_09_02/en/index.html. Accessed 21 January 2013.

11. KerberKJ, de Graft-JohnsonJE, BhuttaZA, OkongP, StarrsA, et al. (2007) Continuum of care for maternal, newborn, and child health: From slogan to service delivery. Lancet 370: 1358–1369.

12. Countdown to 2015 (2005) Tracking progress in child survival: the 2005 report. New York: United Nations Children's Fund. Available: http://www.countdown2015mnch.org/reports-and-articles/previous-reports/2005. Accessed 21 January 2013.

13. Bryce J, Requejo J, Countdown to 2015 (2012) Building a future for women and children: The 2012 report. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available: http://www.countdown2015mnch.org/reports-and-articles/2012-report. Accessed 21 January 2013.

14. World Health Organization (2012) Accountability commission for health of women and children. Available: http://www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/accountability_commission/en/. Accessed 21 January 2013.

15. UNICEF. Statistics and monitoring: Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. Available: http://www.unicef.org/statistics/index_24302.html. Accessed 1 February 2013.

16. RequejoJH, NewbyH, BryceJ (2013) Measuring coverage in MCNH: Challenges and opportunities in the selection of coverage indicators for global monitoring. PLoS Med 10: e1001416 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001416.

17. Yoder P, Rosato M, Mahmud R, Fort A, Rahman F, et al.. (2010) Women's recall of delivery and neonatal care in Bangladesh and Malawi: a study of terms, concepts, and survey questions. Calverton (Maryland): ICF Macro. Available http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/QRS17/QRS17.pdf. Accessed 22 January 2013.

18. MEASURE DHS Demographic and Health Surveys. Available: http://www.measuredhs.com/. Accessed 21 January 2013.

19. DarmstadtGL, BhuttaZA, CousensS, AdamT, WalkerN, et al. (2005) Evidence-based, cost-effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save? Lancet 365: 977–988.

20. HillZ, Tawiah-AgyemangC, OkeyereE, ManuA, FentyJ, et al. (2010) Improving hygiene in home deliveries in rural Ghana: how to build on current attitudes and practices. Pediatr Infect Dis J 29: 1004–1008.

21. HillZ, Tawiah-AgyemangC, ManuA, OkyereE, KirkwoodBR (2010) Keeping newborns warm: beliefs, practices and potential for behaviour change in rural Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 15: 1118–1124.

22. StantonCK, RawlinsB, DrakeM, AnjosM, CantorD, et al. (2013) Measuring coverage in MNCH: Testing the validity of women's self-report of key maternal and newborn health Interventions during the peripartum period in Mozambique. PLoS ONE 8: e60694 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060694.

23. Capurro H (2004) Topical umbilical cord care at birth. The WHO Reproductive Health Library. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available: http://apps.who.int/rhl/newborn/cd001057_capurroh_com/en/index.html. Accessed 22 January 2013.

24. MullanyLC, DarmstadtGL, KhatrySK, KatzJ, LeClerqSC, et al. (2006) Topical applications of chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord for prevention of omphalitis and neonatal mortality in southern Nepal: a community-based, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 376: 910–918.

25. SoofiS, CousensS, ImdadA, BhuttoN, AliN, et al. (2012) Topical application of chlorhexidine to neonatal umbilical cords for prevention of omphalitis and neonatal mortality in a rural district of Pakistan: a community-based, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 397: 1029–1036.

26. El AriefeenS, MullanyLC, ShahR, MannanI, RahmanSM, et al. (2012) The effect of cord cleansing with chlorhexidine on neonatal mortality in rural Bangladesh: a community-based, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 379: 1022–1028.

27. LawnJE, Mwansa-KambafwileJ, HortaBL, BarrosFE, CousensS (2010) ‘Kangaroo mother care’ to prevent neonatal deaths due to preterm birth complications. Int J Epidemiol 39: i144–i154.

28. Standley J (2011) Kangaroo mother care implementation guide. Washington (District of Columbia): Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program. Available: http://www.mchip.net/sites/default/files/MCHIP%20KMC%20Guide.pdf. Accessed 22 January 2013.

29. CampbellH, el ArifeenS, HazirH, O'KellyJ, BryceJ, et al. (2013) Measuring coverage in MNCH: Challenges in monitoring the proportion of young children with pneumonia who receive antibiotic treatment. PLoS Med 10: e1001421 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001421.

30. Helping Babies Breathe (2013) Welcome to the website for Helping Babies Breathe. Available: http://www.helpingbabiesbreathe.org/. Accessed 22 January 2013.

31. LawnJE, GravettMG, NunesTM, RubensCE, StantonC (2010) Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (1 of 7): definitions, description of the burden and opportunities to improve data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 10 (Suppl 1) S1.

32. BlencoweH, CousensS, OestergaardMZ, ChouD, MollerA, et al. (2012) National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet 379: 2162–2172.

33. LimSS, VosT, FlaxmanAD, DanaeiG, ShibuyaK, et al. (2012) A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380: 2224–2260.

34. PittC, LawnJE, RanganathanM, MillsA, HansonK (2012) Donor funding for newborn survival: An analysis of donor-reported data, 2002–2010. PLoS Med 9: e1001332 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001332.