Household Air Pollution in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Health Risks and Research Priorities

1. LimSS, VosT, FlaxmanAD, DanaeiG, ShibuyaK, et al. (2012) A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380: 2224–2260.

2. PeckMD, KrugerGE, van der MerweAE, GodakumburaW, AhujaRB (2008) Burns and fires from non-electric domestic appliances in low and middle income countries Part I. The scope of the problem. Burns 34: 303–311.

3. Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children (2006) Beyond firewood: Fuel alternatives and protection strategies for displaced women and girls. 122 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10168-1289: Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children.

4. UNEP (2011) Near-term climate protection and clean air benefits: actions for controlling short-lived climate forcers. A UNEP synthesis report. Nairobi: UNEP.

5. ChapmanRS, HeX, BlairAE, LamQ (2005) Improvement in household stoves and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Xuanwei, China: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 331: 1050.

6. LanQ, ChapmanRS, SchreinemachersDM, TianL, HeX (2002) Household stove improvement and risk of lung cancer in Xuanwei, China. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 94: 826–835.

7. ShenM, ChapmanRS, VermeulenR, TianL, ZhengT, et al. (2009) Coal use, stove improvement, and adult pneumonia mortality in Xuanwei, China: a retrospective cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 117: 261–266.

8. World Health Organization (2009) Global health risks. Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva, WHO.

9. PopeDP, MishraVK, ThompsonL, SiddiquiAR, RehfuessE, et al. (2010) Risk of low birth weight and stillbirth associated with indoor air pollution from solid fuel use in developing countries. Epidemiol Rev

10. Dix-CooperL, EskenaziB, RomeroC, BalmesJ, SmithKR (2012) Neurodevelopmental performance among school age children in rural Guatemala is associated with prenatal and postnatal exposure to carbon monoxide, a marker for exposure to woodsmoke. Neurotoxicology 33: 246–254.

11. PokhrelAK, SmithKR, KhalakdinaA, DeujaA, BatesMN (2005) Case-control study of indoor cooking smoke exposure and cataract in Nepal and India. Int J Epidemiol 34: 702–708.

12. MesfinMM, de la CameraJ, TarekeIG, AmanualG, ArayaT, et al. (2006) A community-based trachoma survey: prevalence and risk factors in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 13: 173–181.

13. TurnerVM, WestSK, MunozB, KatalaSJ, TaylorHR, et al. (1993) Risk factors for trichiasis in women in Kongwa, Tanzania: A case-control study. Int J Epidemiol 22: 341–347.

14. United Nations Foundation (2011) Sustainable Energy for All. Available: http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org/. Accessed February 14, 2012.

15. United Nations Foundation (2012) Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. Available: http://cleancookstoves.org/. Accessed May 21, 2012.

16. International Organization for Standardization (2012) Guidelines for evaluating cookstove performance. IWA 11:2012: ISO.

17. World Health Organization (2011) Indoor air pollution and health. WHO. Available: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/. Accessed May 25, 2012.

18. MartinWJII, GlassRI, BalbusJM, CollinsFS (2011) A major environmental cause of death. Science 334: 180.

19. Hanna R, Duflo E.,Greenstone M., (2012) Up in Smoke: The Influence of Household Behavior on the Long-Run Impact of Improved Cooking Stoves. Working Paper 12-10. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Economics Working Paper Series. Social Science Research Network Paper Collection

20. SmithKR, McCrackenJP, WeberMW, HubbardA, JennyA, et al. (2011) Effect of reduction in household air pollution on childhood pneumonia in Guatemala (RESPIRE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 378: 1717–1726.

21. Global Alliance For Clean Cookstoves Health Working Group (2011) Roadmap Recommendations: Health. Available: http://www.cleancookstoves.org/assets/rfps-and-rfas/working-group-recommendations.pdf Accessed May 25, 2012.

22. BruceN, NeufeldL, BoyE, WestC (1998) Indoor biofuel air pollution and respiratory health: The role of confounding factors among women in highland Guatemala. Int J Epidemiol 27: 454–458.

23. McCrackenJP, SchwartzJ, BruceN, MittlemanM, RyanLM, et al. (2009) Combining individual- and group-level exposure information: child carbon monoxide in the Guatemala woodstove randomized control trial. Epidemiology 20: 127–136.

24. SmithKR, SametJM, RomieuI, BruceN (2000) Indoor air pollution in developing countries and acute lower respiratory infections in children. Thorax 55: 518–532.

25. ZhangJ, SmithKR (2007) Household air pollution from coal and biomass fuels in China: Measurements, health impacts, and interventions. Environ Health Perspect 115: 848–855.

26. EzzatiM, SalehH, KammenDM (2000) The contributions of emissions and spatial microenvironments to exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion in Kenya. Environ Health Perspect 108: 833–839.

27. World Health Organization (2010) WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants. Available: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/128169/e94535.pdf. Accessed May 25, 2012.

28. RobertsLJ, MorrowJD (2000) Measurement of F(2)-isoprostanes as an index of oxidative stress in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 28: 505–513.

29. KulkarniNS, PrudonB, PanditiSL, AbebeY, GriggJ (2005) Carbon loading of alveolar macrophages in adults and children exposed to biomass smoke particles. Sci Total Environ 345: 23–30.

30. ZhouH, KobzikL (2007) Effect of concentrated ambient particles on macrophage phagocytosis and killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 36: 460–465.

31. HeltbergR (2005) Factors determining household fuel choice in Guatemala. Environ Dev Econ 10: 337–361.

32. WickramasingheA (2011) Energy access and transition to cleaner cooking fuels and technologies in Sri Lanka: Issues and policy limitations. Energy Policy 39: 7567–7574.

33. World Bank (2011) Household Cookstoves, Environment, Health and Climate Change: A New Look at an Old Problem (63217, World Bank Washington, DC, 2011).

34. Ballard-Tremeer G, Mathee A (2000) Review of interventions to reduce the exposure of women and young children to indoor air pollution in developing countries. WHO/USAID consultation on Indoor Air Pollution and Health May 3–4, 2000. Washington, DC.

35. BarnesBR, MatheeA, KriegerL, ShafritzL, FavinM, et al. (2004) Testing selected behaviors to reduce indoor air pollution exposure in young children. Health Educ Res 19: 543–550.

36. Environmental Health Project, UNICEF Water Environment and Sanitation Program, USAID, World Bank Water and Sanitation Program, Water Supply & Sanitation Collaborative Council (2004) The hygiene improvement framework: A comprehensive approach for preventing childhood diarrhea. Office of Health, Infections Diseases and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, USAID.

37. The Evaluation Gap Working Group (2006) When will we ever learn? Improving lives through impact evaluation. Washington, D.C.: Center for Global Development.

38. McClureEM, PashaO, GoudarSS, ChombaE, GarcesA, et al. (2011) Epidemiology of stillbirth in low-middle income countries: A Global Network Study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 90: 1379–1385.

39. RacioppiF, BertolliniR, Taylor GeeV (2004) Catastrophic failures of public health. Lancet 363: 1552–1553.

40. SmithAH, LingasEO, RahmanM (2000) Contamination of drinking-water by arsenic in Bangledesh: A public health emergency. Bull World Health Organ 78: 1093–1103.

41. PopeCA3rd, EzzatiM, DockeryDW (2009) Fine-particulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States. N Engl J Med 360: 376–386.

42. BiranA, SmithL, LinesJ, EnsinkJ, CameronM (2007) Smoke and malaria: Are interventions to reduce exposure to indoor air pollution likely to increase exposure to mosquitos? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 1065–1071.

43. Ruiz-MercadoI, MaseraO, ZamoraH, SmithKR (2011) Adoption and sustained use of improved cookstoves. Energy Policy 39: 7557–7566.

44. Ruiz-MercadoI, LamN, CanuzE, DavilaG, SmithKR (2008) Low-cost temperature data loggers as Stove Use Monitors (SUMs). Boiling Point 55: 16–18.

45. University of California, KR S (2012) Household Energy, Climate, and Health Project. University of California, Berkeley. Available: http://ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/krsmith/?page_id=1000. Accessed May 25, 2012.

46. Aprovecho Research Center (2012) Stove Camp - A Hands-On Seminar on Stove Design and Testing. Available: http://www.aprovecho.org/lab/work/conferences/stove-camp. Accessed May 24, 2012.

47. Global Alliance For Clean Cookstoves (2012) Request for Applications: Cookstoves and Child Survival (RFA 12-1). Available: http://www.cleancookstoves.org/funding-opportunities/rfa-4-5_final.pdf Accessed May 24, 2012.

48. HortonR (2012) GBD 2010: understanding disease, injury, and risk. Lancet 380: 2053–2054.