Association between expansion of primary healthcare and racial inequalities in mortality amenable to primary care in Brazil: A national longitudinal analysis
In a national longitudinal study, Thomas Hone and colleagues show that the expansion of primary healthcare in Brazil was associated with improved health outcomes and reductions in health inequalities between racial groups.
Vyšlo v časopise:
Association between expansion of primary healthcare and racial inequalities in mortality amenable to primary care in Brazil: A national longitudinal analysis. PLoS Med 14(5): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002306
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002306
Souhrn
In a national longitudinal study, Thomas Hone and colleagues show that the expansion of primary healthcare in Brazil was associated with improved health outcomes and reductions in health inequalities between racial groups.
Zdroje
1. Tangcharoensathien V, Mills A, Palu T. Accelerating health equity: the key role of universal health coverage in the Sustainable Development Goals. BMC Med. 2015;13(1):101.
2. World Health Organization. The world health report 2010: health system financing—the path to universal coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
3. Starfield B, Shi L, Macinko J. Contribution of primary care to health systems and health. Milbank Q. 2005;83(3):457–502. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00409.x 16202000
4. Rasella D, Harhay MO, Pamponet ML, Aquino R, Barreto ML. Impact of primary health care on mortality from heart and cerebrovascular diseases in Brazil: a nationwide analysis of longitudinal data. BMJ. 2014;349:g4014. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g4014 24994807
5. Macinko J, Dourado I, Aquino R, Bonolo Pde F, Lima-Costa MF, Medina MG, et al. Major expansion of primary care in Brazil linked to decline in unnecessary hospitalization. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010;29(12):2149–60.
6. World Bank. Brazil: country at a glance. Washington (District of Columbia): World Bank; 2016 [cited 2016 Sep 8]. http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/brazil.
7. Szwarcwald CL, Souza-Júnior PR, Damacena GN. Socioeconomic inequalities in the use of outpatient services in Brazil according to health care need: evidence from the World Health Survey. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10:217. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-217 20653970
8. Szwarcwald CL, Corrêa da Mota J, Damacena GN, Sardinha Pereira TG. Health inequalities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: lower healthy life expectancy in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(3):517–23. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.195453 21233437
9. Paixão MJ, Rossetto I, Montovanele F, Carvano LM. Relatório anual das desigualdades raciais no Brasil, 2009–10. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Garamond; 2010.
10. Cardoso AM, Santos RV, Coimbra CEA Jr. Mortalidade infantil segundo raça/cor no Brasil: o que dizem os sistemas nacionais de informação? Cad Saude Publica. 2005;21:1602–8.
11. Nyarko KA, Lopez-Camelo J, Castilla EE, Wehby GL. Explaining racial disparities in infant health in Brazil. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(9):1675–84. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301021 23409894
12. Rasella D, Machado D, Castellanos MEP, Paim J, Szwarcwald CL, Lima D, et al. Assessing the relevance of indicators in tracking social determinants and progress toward equitable population health in Brazil. Glob Health Action. 2016;9:29042.
13. Travassos C, Williams DR. The concept and measurement of race and their relationship to public health: a review focused on Brazil and the United States. Cad Saude Publica. 2004;20(3):660–78. doi: /S0102-311X2004000300003 15263977
14. Rasella D, Aquino R, Santos CAT, Paes-Sousa R, Barreto ML. Effect of a conditional cash transfer programme on childhood mortality: a nationwide analysis of Brazilian municipalities. Lancet. 2013;382(9886):57–64. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60715-1 23683599
15. Harris M, Haines A. Brazil’s Family Health Programme. BMJ. 2010;341:c4945. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c4945 21115587
16. Macinko J, Harris MJ. Brazil’s Family Health Strategy—delivering community-based primary care in a universal health system. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(23):2177–81. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1501140 26039598
17. Ministério da Saúde Departamento de Atenção Básica. Histórico de cobertura da saúde da família. Brasilia: Ministério da Saúde; 2015 [cited 2015 Apr 11]. http://dab.saude.gov.br/portaldab/historico_cobertura_sf.php.
18. Ministério da Saúde. Política Nacional de Atenção Básica. Brasilia: Ministério da Saúde; 2011.
19. Henrique F, Calvo MC. [The degree of implementation of the Family Health Program and social indicators.] Cien Saude Colet. 2009;14(Suppl 1):1359–65.
20. Aquino R, de Oliveira NF, Barreto ML. Impact of the family health program on infant mortality in Brazilian municipalities. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(1):87–93. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.127480 19008516
21. Guanais FC. The combined effects of the expansion of primary health care and conditional cash transfers on infant mortality in Brazil, 1998–2010. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2014;36(1):65–9. 25211681
22. Macinko J, Marinho de Souza MdF, Guanais FC, da Silva Simoes CC. Going to scale with community-based primary care: an analysis of the family health program and infant mortality in Brazil, 1999–2004. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(10):2070–80. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.06.028 17689847
23. Watts J. Brazil’s health system woes worsen in economic crisis. Lancet. 2016;387(10028):1603–4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30249-5 27116057
24. Telles EE. Race in another America: the significance of skin color in Brazil. Princeton (New Jersey): Princeton University Press; 2004.
25. Lima-Costa MF, Rodrigues LC, Barreto ML, Gouveia M, Horta BL, Mambrini J, et al. Genomic ancestry and ethnoracial self-classification based on 5,871 community-dwelling Brazilians (the Epigen Initiative). Sci Rep. 2015;5:9812. doi: 10.1038/srep09812 25913126
26. Purdy S, Griffin T, Salisbury C, Sharp D. Ambulatory care sensitive conditions: terminology and disease coding need to be more specific to aid policy makers and clinicians. Public Health. 2009;123(2):169–73. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2008.11.001 19144363
27. Macinko J, Guanais FC, de Fatima M, de Souza M. Evaluation of the impact of the Family Health Program on infant mortality in Brazil, 1990–2002. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006;60(1):13–9. doi: 10.1136/jech.2005.038323 16361449
28. Guanais F, Macinko J. Primary care and avoidable hospitalizations: evidence from Brazil. J Ambul Care Manage. 2009;32(2):115–22. doi: 10.1097/JAC.0b013e31819942e51 19305223
29. Rocha R, Soares RR. Evaluating the impact of community-based health interventions: evidence from Brazil’s Family Health Program. Health Econ. 2010;19(Suppl):126–58.
30. Hone T, Rasella D, Barreto M, Atun R, Majeed A, Millett C. Large reductions in amenable mortality associated with Brazil’s primary care expansion and strong health governance. Health Aff (Millwood). 2017;36(1):149–58.
31. de Andrade CLT, Szwarcwald CL. Socio-spatial inequalities in the adequacy of Ministry of Health data on births and deaths at the municipal level in Brazil, 2000–2002. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(5):1207–16. 17486242
32. Ministério da Saúde. DATASUS. Brasilia: Ministério da Saúde; 2015 [cited 2015 Apr 4]. http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/.
33. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Banco de dados. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; 2016 [cited 2016 Dec 4]. http://www.ibge.gov.br/.
34. Alfradique ME, Bonolo PdF, Dourado I, Lima-Costa MF, Macinko J, Mendonca CS, et al. Ambulatory care sensitive hospitalizations: elaboration of Brazilian list as a tool for measuring health system performance (Project ICSAP--Brazil). Cad Saude Publica. 2009;25(6):1337–49. 19503964
35. França E, Teixeira R, Ishitani L, Duncan BB, Cortez-Escalante JJ, de Morais Neto OL, et al. Ill-defined causes of death in Brazil: a redistribution method based on the investigation of such causes. Rev Saude Publica. 2014;48(4):671–81. doi: 10.1590/S0034-8910.2014048005146 25210826
36. Travassos C, Laguardia J, Marques PM, Mota JC, Szwarcwald CL. Comparison between two race/skin color classifications in relation to health-related outcomes in Brazil. Int J Equity Health. 2011;10:35. doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-10-35 21867522
37. Mackenbach JP, Kunst AE, Cavelaars AEJM, Groenhof F, Geurts JJM. Socioeconomic inequalities in morbidity and mortality in western Europe. Lancet. 1997;349(9066):1655–9. 9186383
38. Shi L, Macinko J, Starfield B, Politzer R, Xu J. Primary care, race, and mortality in US states. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(1):65–75. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.056 15847962
39. Marmot M. Social determinants of health inequalities. Lancet. 2005;365(9464):1099–104. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71146-6 15781105
40. Wooldridge J. Introductory econometrics: a modern approach. 5th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning; 2013. 878 p.
41. Rasella D, Aquino R, Barreto ML. Impact of the Family Health Program on the quality of vital information and reduction of child unattended deaths in Brazil: an ecological longitudinal study. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:380. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-380 20587036
42. Ministério da Saúde. Programa Saúde da Família: ampliando a cobertura para consolidar a mudança do modelo de Atenção Básica. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant. 2003;3:113–25.
43. Stevens P. Diseases of poverty and the 10/90 gap. London: International Policy Network; 2004.
44. Shi L, Stevens GD, Wulu JT Jr, Politzer RM, Xu J. America’s health centers: reducing racial and ethnic disparities in perinatal care and birth outcomes. Health Serv Res. 2004;39(6 Pt 1):1881–901. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00323.x 15533192
45. Shei A. Brazil’s conditional cash transfer program associated with declines in infant mortality rates. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013;32(7):1274–81.
46. Nolte E, McKee CM. Measuring the health of nations: updating an earlier analysis. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008;27(1):58–71.
47. Costa NdR. The Family Health Strategy: primary health care and the challenge of Brazilian metropolises. Cien Saude Colet. 2016;21(5):1389–98. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232015215.24842015 27166889
48. Bump J, Cashin C, Chalkidou K, Evans D, González-Pier E, Guo Y, et al. Implementing pro-poor universal health coverage. Lancet Glob Health. 2015;4(1):e14–6. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00274-0 26700794
49. Rosero-Bixby L. Spatial access to health care in Costa Rica and its equity: a GIS-based study. Soc Sci Med. 2004;58(7):1271–84. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00322-8 14759675
50. World Health Organization. The world health report 2008: primary health care—now more than ever. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
Štítky
Interné lekárstvoČlánok vyšiel v časopise
PLOS Medicine
2017 Číslo 5
- Statinová intolerance
- Očkování proti virové hemoragické horečce Ebola experimentální vakcínou rVSVDG-ZEBOV-GP
- Parazitičtí červi v terapii Crohnovy choroby a dalších zánětlivých autoimunitních onemocnění
- Metamizol v liečbe pooperačnej bolesti u detí do 6 rokov veku
- Co dělat při intoleranci statinů?
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Vitamin D levels and susceptibility to asthma, elevated immunoglobulin E levels, and atopic dermatitis: A Mendelian randomization study
- Mortality and kidnapping estimates for the Yazidi population in the area of Mount Sinjar, Iraq, in August 2014: A retrospective household survey
- Maternal age and severe maternal morbidity: A population-based retrospective cohort study
- Rotavirus vaccine will have an impact in Asia