HbA1c for type 2 diabetes diagnosis in Africans and African Americans: Personalized medicine NOW!

English version České info

Andrew Paterson discusses findings from a new study that shows HbA1c screening for diabetes will leave 2% of African Americans undiagnosed and how personalised medicine is needed.

Vyšlo v časopise: HbA1c for type 2 diabetes diagnosis in Africans and African Americans: Personalized medicine NOW!. PLoS Med 14(9): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002384
Kategorie: Perspective
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002384

Souhrn

Andrew Paterson discusses findings from a new study that shows HbA1c screening for diabetes will leave 2% of African Americans undiagnosed and how personalised medicine is needed.

Zdroje

1. MacArthur J, Bowler E, Cerezo M, Gil L, Hall P, Hastings E, et al. The new NHGRI-EBI Catalog of published genome-wide association studies (GWAS Catalog). Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45(D1):D896–D901. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw1133 27899670; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5210590.

2. Visscher PM, Wray NR, Zhang Q, Sklar P, McCarthy MI, Brown MA, et al. 10 Years of GWAS Discovery: Biology, Function, and Translation. Am J Hum Genet. 2017;101(1):5–22. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.005 28686856.

3. Wheeler E, Leong A, Liu CT, Hivert M, Strawbridge RJ, Podmore C, et al. Impact of common genetic determinants of Hemoglobin A1c on type 2 diabetes risk and diagnosis in ancestrally diverse populations: A transethnic genome-wide meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 14(9): e1002383.

4. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, OMIM® MIM Number: 305900 World Wide Web URL: https://omim.org/ [Internet]. 05/24/2017.

5. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. WHO Working Group. Bull World Health Organ. 1989;67(6):601–11. 2633878; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2491315.

6. Wise AL, Gyi L, Manolio TA. eXclusion: toward integrating the X chromosome in genome-wide association analyses. Am J Hum Genet. 2013;92(5):643–7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.03.017 23643377; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3644627.

7. Chen Z, Tang H, Qayyum R, Schick UM, Nalls MA, Handsaker R, et al. Genome-wide association analysis of red blood cell traits in African Americans: the COGENT Network. Hum Mol Genet. 2013;22(12):2529–38. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddt087 23446634; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3658166.

8. Ding K, de Andrade M, Manolio TA, Crawford DC, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Ritchie MD, et al. Genetic variants that confer resistance to malaria are associated with red blood cell traits in African-Americans: an electronic medical record-based genome-wide association study. G3 (Bethesda). 2013;3(7):1061–8. doi: 10.1534/g3.113.006452 23696099; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3704235.

9. Sanna S, Busonero F, Maschio A, McArdle PF, Usala G, Dei M, et al. Common variants in the SLCO1B3 locus are associated with bilirubin levels and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Hum Mol Genet. 2009;18(14):2711–8. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddp203 19419973; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2701337.

10. Pilia G, Chen WM, Scuteri A, Orru M, Albai G, Dei M, et al. Heritability of cardiovascular and personality traits in 6,148 Sardinians. PLoS Genet. 2006;2(8):e132. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020132 16934002; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC1557782.

11. International Expert C. International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1C assay in the diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):1327–34. doi: 10.2337/dc09-9033 19502545; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2699715.

12. Sacks DB. A1C versus glucose testing: a comparison. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(2):518–23. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1546 21270207; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3024379.

13. Chow EA, Foster H, Gonzalez V., McIver L. The Disparate Impact of Diabetes on Racial/Ethnic Minority Populations. Clinical Diabetes 2012 Jul; 30(3): 130–133. 2012;30:130–3.

14. Baharian S, Barakatt M, Gignoux CR, Shringarpure S, Errington J, Blot WJ, et al. The Great Migration and African-American Genomic Diversity. PLoS Genet. 2016;12(5):e1006059. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006059 27232753; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4883799.

15. Bryc K, Durand EY, Macpherson JM, Reich D, Mountain JL. The genetic ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States. Am J Hum Genet. 2015;96(1):37–53. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010 25529636; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4289685.

16. Cappellini MD, Fiorelli G. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Lancet. 2008;371(9606):64–74. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60073-2 18177777.

17. Genomes Project C, Auton A, Brooks LD, Durbin RM, Garrison EP, Kang HM, et al. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature. 2015;526(7571):68–74. doi: 10.1038/nature15393 26432245; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4750478.

18. Frazer KA, Ballinger DG, Cox DR, Hinds DA, Stuve LL, Gibbs RA, et al. A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs. Nature. 2007;449(7164):851–61. doi: 10.1038/nature06258 17943122.

19. McCarthy S, Das S, Kretzschmar W, Delaneau O, Wood AR, Teumer A, et al. A reference panel of 64,976 haplotypes for genotype imputation. Nat Genet. 2016;48(10):1279–83. doi: 10.1038/ng.3643 27548312; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5388176.

20. Bleyer AJ, Aloi JA. Sickle Cell Trait and Interpretation of Hemoglobin A1c Levels. JAMA. 2017;317(5):481–2. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.20994 28170462.

21. Lacy ME, Wellenius GA, Sumner AE, Correa A, Carnethon MR, Liem RI, et al. Association of Sickle Cell Trait With Hemoglobin A1c in African Americans. JAMA. 2017;317(5):507–15. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.21035 28170479.

22. Selvin E. Are There Clinical Implications of Racial Differences in HbA1c? A Difference, to Be a Difference, Must Make a Difference. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(8):1462–7. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0042 27457637; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4955930.

23. Herman WH. Are There Clinical Implications of Racial Differences in HbA1c? Yes, to Not Consider Can Do Great Harm! Diabetes Care. 2016;39(8):1458–61. doi: 10.2337/dc15-2686 27457636; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4955925.

24. Welsh KJ, Kirkman MS, Sacks DB. Role of Glycated Proteins in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes: Research Gaps and Future Directions. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(8):1299–306. doi: 10.2337/dc15-2727 27457632; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4955935.

25. Meloni T, Pacifico A, Forteleoni G, Meloni GF. HbA1c levels in diabetic Sardinian patients with or without G6PD deficiency. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1994;23(1):59–61. 8013264.

26. Cappai G, Songini M, Doria A, Cavallerano JD, Lorenzi M. Increased prevalence of proliferative retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes who are deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Diabetologia. 2011;54(6):1539–42. doi: 10.1007/s00125-011-2099-3 21380594.

27. Donde UM, Baxi AJ, el Tawil H, Ghwarsha K. Glycosylated haemoglobin in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Lancet. 1985;2(8445):47. 2861498.

28. Malka R, Nathan DM, Higgins JM. Mechanistic modeling of hemoglobin glycation and red blood cell kinetics enables personalized diabetes monitoring. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(359):359ra130. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf9304 27708063.

29. Hempe JM, Liu S, Myers L, McCarter RJ, Buse JB, Fonseca V. The hemoglobin glycation index identifies subpopulations with harms or benefits from intensive treatment in the ACCORD trial. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(6):1067–74. doi: 10.2337/dc14-1844 25887355; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4439529.