Preterm birth prevention—Time to PROGRESS beyond progesterone

1. Crowther CA, Ashwood P, McPhee AJ, Flenady V, Tran T, Dodd JM, et al. Vaginal progesterone pessaries for pregnant women with a previous preterm birth to prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (the PROGRESS Study): A multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2017;14(9): e1002390. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002390

2. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Publications Committee, with assistance of Vincenzo Berghella. Progesterone and preterm birth prevention: translating clinical trials data into clinical practice. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(5):376–86. Epub 2012/05/01. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.03.010 22542113.

3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Preterm labour and birth. NICE guideline [NG25]. 2015. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng25.

4. FIGO Working Group on Best Practice in Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Best practice in maternal-fetal medicine. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2015;128(1):80–2. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.10.011 25481030

5. Norman JE, Marlow N, Messow CM, Shennan A, Bennett PR, Thornton S, et al. Vaginal progesterone prophylaxis for preterm birth (the OPPTIMUM study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2016;387:2106–16. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00350-0 26921136.

6. O'Brien JM, Adair CD, Lewis DF, Hall DR, DeFranco EA, Fusey S, et al. Progesterone vaginal gel for the reduction of recurrent preterm birth: primary results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007;30:687–96. doi: 10.1002/uog.5158 17899572

7. Anderson L, Martin W, Higgins C, Nelson S, Norman J. The effect of progesterone on myometrial contractility, potassium channels, and tocolytic efficacy. Reprod Sci. 2009;16:1052–61. doi: 10.1177/1933719109340926 19602723.

8. Dodd JM, Jones L, Flenady V, Cincotta R, Crowther CA. Prenatal administration of progesterone for preventing preterm birth in women considered to be at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;7:CD004947. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004947.pub3 23903965.

9. Romero R, Nicolaides K, Conde-Agudelo A, Tabor A, O'Brien JM, Cetingoz E, et al. Vaginal progesterone in women with an asymptomatic sonographic short cervix in the midtrimester decreases preterm delivery and neonatal morbidity: a systematic review and metaanalysis of individual patient data. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(2):124 e1–19. Epub 2012/01/31. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.12.003 22284156; PMCID: PMC3437773.

10. Hassan SS, Romero R, Vidyadhari D, Fusey S, Baxter J, Khandelwal M, et al. Vaginal progesterone reduces the rate of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011. Epub 2011/04/08. doi: 10.1002/uog.9017 21472815.

11. Division of Reproductive and Urologic Products Office of New Drugs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration. Background document for meeting of Advisory Committee for Reproductive Health Drugs. 2011. Available from: https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170405210910/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/ReproductiveHealthDrugsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM287987.pdf

12. Chang HH, Larson J, Blencowe H, Spong CY, Howson CP, Cairns-Smith S, et al. Preventing preterm births: analysis of trends and potential reductions with interventions in 39 countries with very high human development index. Lancet. 2012. Epub 2012/11/20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61856-X 23158883.

13. Einerson BD, Grobman WA, Miller ES. Cost-effectiveness of risk-based screening for cervical length to prevent preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(1):100 e1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.192 26880732.

14. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJ, Driscoll AK, Mathews TJ. Births: final data for 2015. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2017;66(1):1. 28135188.