Long-term trends in mortality and AIDS-defining events after combination ART initiation among children and adolescents with perinatal HIV infection in 17 middle- and high-income countries in Europe and Thailand: A cohort study

1. Judd A, Doerholt K, Tookey PA, Sharland M, Riordan A, Menson E, et al. (2007) Morbidity, mortality, and response to treatment by children in the United Kingdom and Ireland with perinatally acquired HIV infection during 1996–2006: planning for teenage and adult care. Clin Infect Dis 45: 918–924. doi: 10.1086/521167 17806062

2. Brady MT, Oleske JM, Williams PL, Elgie C, Mofenson LM, Dankner WM, et al. (2010) Declines in mortality rates and changes in causes of death in HIV-1-infected children during the HAART era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 53: 86–94. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181b9869f 20035164

3. Kapogiannis BG, Soe MM, Nesheim SR, Abrams EJ, Carter RJ, Farley J, et al. (2011) Mortality trends in the US Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study (1986–2004). Clin Infect Dis 53: 1024–1034. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir641 22002982

4. de Martino M, Tovo PA, Balducci M, Galli L, Gabiano C, Rezza G, et al. (2000) Reduction in mortality with availability of antiretroviral therapy for children with perinatal HIV-1 infection. Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children and the Italian National AIDS Registry. JAMA 284: 190–197. 10889592

5. Lewden C, Bouteloup V, De Wit S, Sabin C, Mocroft A, Wasmuth JC, et al. (2012) All-cause mortality in treated HIV-infected adults with CD4 >/ = 500/mm3 compared with the general population: evidence from a large European observational cohort collaboration. Int J Epidemiol 41: 433–445. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyr164 22493325

6. Mahy M (2016) Explaining global adolescent mortality data: where do the numbers come from and what do they mean? Abstract TUSY0902 AIDS 2016. Durban, South Africa.

7. Judd A, Lodwick R, Noguera-Julian A, Gibb DM, Butler K, Costagliola D, et al. (2017) Higher rates of triple class virologic failure in perinatally HIV-infected teenagers compared to heterosexually infected young adults in Europe. HIV Med 18: 171–180. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12411 27625109

8. Weijsenfeld AM, Smit C, Cohen S, Wit FW, Mutschelknauss M, van der Knaap LC, et al. (2016) Virological and social outcomes of HIV-infected adolescents and young adults in the Netherlands before and after transition to adult care. Clin Infect Dis 63: 1105–1112. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw487 27439528

9. Xia Q, Shah D, Gill B, Torian LV, Braunstein SL (2016) Continuum of Care Among People Living with Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection in New York City, 2014. Public Health Rep 131: 566–573. doi: 10.1177/0033354916662215 27453601

10. Judd A, Collins IJ, Parrott F, Hill T, Jose S, Ford D, et al. (2017) Growing up with perinatal HIV: changes in clinical outcomes before and after transfer to adult care in the UK. J Int AIDS Soc 20: 71–80.

11. Rice BD, Delpech VC, Chadborn TR, Elford J (2011) Loss to follow-up among adults attending human immunodeficiency virus services in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Sex Transm Dis 38: 685–690. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318214b92e 21844719

12. Fish R, Judd A, Jungmann E, O'Leary C, Foster C (2013) Mortality in perinatally HIV-infected young people in England following transition to adult care: an HIV Young Persons Network (HYPNet) audit. HIV Med 15: 239–244. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12091 24112550

13. Writing group for the Kids to Adults Working Group and Data Management and Harmonisation Group in EuroCoord (2016) Children and young people with perinatal HIV in Europe: epidemiological situation in 2014 and implications for the future. Euro Surveill 21: ppi = 30162.

14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014) Revised Surveillance Case Definition for HIV Infection—United States, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63: 1–10. 24402465

15. World Health Organization (2007) WHO case definitions of HIV for surveillance and revised clinical staging and immunological classification of HIV-related disease in adults and children. Geneva: World Health Organization.

16. Mirani G, Williams PL, Chernoff M, Abzug MJ, Levin MJ, Seage GR 3rd, et al. (2015) Changing trends in complications and mortality rates among US youth and young adults with HIV infection in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 61: 1850–1861. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ687 26270680

17. Bamford A, Turkova A, Lyall H, Foster C, Klein N, Bastiaans D, et al. (2018) Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV-1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life. HIV Med 19:e1–e42. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12217 25649230

18. Hakim J, Musiime V, Szubert AJ, Siika A, Mallewa J, Agutu C, et al. (2016) Enhanced infection prophlaxis reduces mortality in severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected adults and older children initiating antiretroviral therapy in Kenya, Malawi, Uganda and Zimbabwe: the REALITY trial. Abstract FRAB0101LB. 21st International AIDS Conference. Durban, South Africa.

19. Eurostat (2016) Population (Demography, Migration and Projections), Death and life expectancy data. Luxembourg: Euripean Commission.

20. Neilan AM, Karalius B, Patel K, Van Dyke RB, Abzug MJ, Agwu AL, et al. (2017) Association of risk of viremia, immunosuppression, serious clinical events, and mortality with increasing age in perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-infected youth. JAMA Pediatr 171: 450–460. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0141 28346597

21. World Health Organization (2016) Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection. Geneva: World Health Organization.

22. Lumbiganon P, Kariminia A, Aurpibul L, Hansudewechakul R, Puthanakit T, Kurniati N, et al. (2011) Survival of HIV-infected children: a cohort study from the Asia-Pacific region. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 56: 365–371. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318207a55b 21160429

23. Collins IJ, Jourdain G, Hansudewechakul R, Kanjanavanit S, Hongsiriwon S, Ngampiyasakul C, et al. (2010) Long-term survival of HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy in Thailand: a 5-year observational cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 51: 1449–1457. doi: 10.1086/657401 21054181

24. Sanjeeva GN, Gujjal Chebbi P, Pavithra HB, Sahana M, Sunil Kumar DR, Hande L (2016) Predictors of Mortality and Mortality Rate in a Cohort of Children Living with HIV from India. Indian J Pediatr 83: 765–771. doi: 10.1007/s12098-016-2047-9 26916891

25. Zanoni BC, Phungula T, Zanoni HM, France H, Feeney ME (2011) Risk factors associated with increased mortality among HIV infected children initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa. PLoS ONE 6: e22706. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022706 21829487

26. Fenner L, Brinkhof MW, Keiser O, Weigel R, Cornell M, Moultrie H, et al. (2010) Early mortality and loss to follow-up in HIV-infected children starting antiretroviral therapy in Southern Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 54: 524–532. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181e0c4cf 20588185

27. Elston JWT, Thaker H (2009) Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Int J STD AIDS 20: 221–224. doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2008.008449 19304962

28. Puthanakit T, Aurpibul L, Oberdorfer P, Akarathum N, Kanjananit S, Wannarit P, et al. (2007) Hospitalization and mortality among HIV-infected children after receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 44: 599–604. doi: 10.1086/510489 17243067

29. Reekie J, Kowalska JD, Karpov I, Rockstroh J, Karlsson A, Rakhmanova A, et al. (2012) Regional differences in AIDS and non-AIDS related mortality in HIV-positive individuals across Europe and Argentina: the EuroSIDA study. PLoS ONE 7: e41673. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041673 22911841

30. Bamford A, Manno EC, Mellado MJ, Spoulou V, Marques L, Scherpbier HJ, et al. (2016) Immunisation practices in centres caring for children with perinatally acquired HIV: A call for harmonisation. Vaccine 34: 5587–5594. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.035 27727030

31. Violari A, Cotton MF, Gibb DM, Babiker AG, Steyn J, Madhi SA, et al. (2008) Early antiretroviral therapy and mortality among HIV-infected infants. N Engl J Med 359: 2233–2244. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0800971 19020325

32. Tovo PA, de Martino M, Gabiano C, Cappello N, D'Elia R, Loy A, et al. (1992) Prognostic factors and survival in children with perinatal HIV-1 infection. The Italian Register for HIV Infections in Children. Lancet 339: 1249–1253. 1349667