Resynchronization therapy for heart failure – still many question marks

Česká verzia

Authors: P. Muríň; P. Mitro; G. Valočik; B. Stančák
Authors place of work: Kardiologická klinika Lekárskej fakulty UPJŠ a Východoslovenského ústavu srdcových a cievnych chorôb, a. s., Košice, Slovenská republika, prednosta doc. MUDr. Branislav Stančák, CSc.
Published in the journal: Vnitř Lék 2011; 57(10): 819-825
Category: Přehledné referáty

Summary

At present, the potential benefit of resynchronization therapy, i.e. an improved quality of life and prolonged survival in patients with heart failure, is not achieved in every patient. The 30% non-response has prompted a search for new criteria predicting patient response to resynchronization treatment. An absence of mechanical dyssynchrony, viability of the myocardium and an inadequate positioning of the intracardiac left ventricular lead probably limit the response to resynchronization therapy. ECG remains essential for the selection of suitable patients.

Key words:
biventricular pacing – dyssynchrony - responder

Zdroje

1. Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E et al. Cardiac Resynchronization-Heart Failure (CARE-HF) Study Investigators. The effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1539–1549.

2. Vítovec J, Špinar J. Léčba chronického srdečního selhání. Cor et Vasa 2008; 50: 259–267.

3. Kashani A, Barold SS. Significance of QRS complex duration in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 2183–2192.

4. Mazzoleni A, Curtin ME, Wolff R et al. On the relationship between heart weights, fibrosis, and QRS duration. J Electrocardiol 1975; 8: 233–236.

5. Baldasseroni S, Opasich C, Gorini M et al. Italian Network on Congestive Heart Failure Investigators. Left bundle-branch block is associated with increased 1-year sudden and total mortality rate in 5517 outpatients with congestive heart failure: a report from the Italian network on congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 2002; 143: 398–405.

6. Peichl P, Riedlbauchova L. Patofyziologie srdečního selhání a mechanismus srdeční resynchronizační terapie. Kardiol Rev 2004; 4: 7–11.

7. Dickstein K, Vardas PE, Auricchio A et al. ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG). 2010 Focused Update of ESC guidelines on device therapy in heart failure: an update of the 2008 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure and the 2007 ESC guidelines for cardiac and resynchronization therapy. Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association and the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur Heart J 2010; 31: 2677–2687.

8. Rickard J, Kumbhani DJ, Gorodeski EZ et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in non-left bundle branch block morphologies. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2010; 33: 590–595.

9. Deplagne A, Ploux S, Ritter P. Relationship between left ventricular stimulation characteristics at implantation and echocardiographic response after 6 months of cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 2010; 12: 1757–1761.

10. Cazeau S, Leclercq C, Lavergne T et al. Multisite Simulation in Cardiomyopathies (MUSTIC) Study Investigators. Effects of multisite biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure and intraventricular conduction delay. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 873–880.

11. Kron J, Aranda JM jr, Miles WM et al. Benefit of cardiac resynchronization in elderly patients: results from the Multicenter InSync Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE) and Multicenter InSync ICD Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE-ICD) trials. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2009; 25: 91–96.

12. Fornwalt BK, Spraque WW, BeDell P et al. Agreement Is Poor Among Current Criteria Used to Define Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. Circulation 2010; 121: 1985–1991.

13. Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL et al. MIRACLE Study Group. Multicenter InSync Randomized Clinical Evaluation. Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. NEJM 2002; 346: 1845–1853.

14. Bleeker GB, Bax JJ, Fung JW et al. Clinical versus echocardiographic parameters to assess response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97: 260–263.

15. Cleland JG, Tageldien A, Buga L et al. Should We Be Trying to Define Responders to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy? J Am Coll Cardiol Imgaging 2010; 3: 541–549.

16. Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS et al. MADIT-CRT Trial Investigators. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure events. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 1329–1338.

17. Ghio S, Konstantin C, Klersy C et al. Interventricular and intraventricular dyssynchrony are common in heart failure patients, regardless of QRS duration. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 571–578.

18. Bax JJ, Abraham T, Barold SS et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy: part 1 – issues before device implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 2153–2167.

19. Samol A, Klotz S, Stypmann J et al. QRS integral: an electrocardiographic indicator of mechanical interventricular asynchrony. J Electrocardiol 2010; 43: 242–250.

20. Reddy M, Shen X, Soma S et al. Effect of left axis deviation on cardiac resynchronization therapy response in patients with left bundle branch block. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55; A3–E2.

21. White JA, Yee R, Yuan X et al. Delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging predicts response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with intraventricular dyssynchrony. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: 1953–1960.

22. Strauss DG, Selvester RH, Lima JAC et al. ECG quantification of myocardial scar in cardiomyopathy patients with or without conduction defects: correlation with cardiac magnetic resonance and arrhythmogenesis. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol 2008; 1: 327–336.

23. Lecoq G, Leclercq C, Leray E et al. Clinical and electrocardiographic predictors of a positive response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in advanced heart failure. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 1094–1100.

24. Sweeney MO, van Bommel RJ, Hellkamp AS et al. Analysis of ventricular activation using surface electrocardiography to predict left ventricular reverse volumetric remodeling during cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation 2010; 121: 626–634.

25. Suffoletto MS, Dohi K, Cannesson M et al. Novel speckle-tracking radial strain from routine black-and-white echocardiographic images to quantify dyssynchrony and predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation 2006; 113: 960–968.

26. Chung ES, Leon AR, Tavazzi L et al. Results of the Predictors of Response to CRT (PROSPECT) trial. Circulation 2008; 117; 2608–2616.

27. Rossillo A, Verma A, Saad EB et al. Impact of coronary sinus lead position on biventricular pacing. Mortality and echocardiographic evaluation during long-term follow-up. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2004; 15: 1120–1125.

28. Blendea D, Shah RV, Auricchio A et al. Variability of coronary venous anatomy in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy: a high speed rotational venography study. Heart Rhythm 2007; 4: 1155–1162.

29. Jongbloed MR, Lamb HJ, Bax JJ et al. Noninvasive visualization of the cardiac venous system using multislice computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 749–753.

30. Kautzner J, Peichl P. Selecting CRT candidates: the value of intracardiac mapping. Europace 2008; 10 (Suppl 3): 106–109.

31. Bleeker GB, Kaandorp TA, Lamb HJ et al. Effect of posterolateral scar tissue on clinical and echocardiographic improvement after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation 2006; 113: 969–976.

32. Gasparini M, Mantica M, Galimberti P et al. Is the outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy related to the underlying etiology? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2003; 26: 175–180.

33. Ypenburg C, Sieders A, Bleeker GB et al. Myocardial contractile reserve predicts improvement in left ventricular function after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am Heart J 2007; 154: 1160–1165.

34. The MERIT-HF study group. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (Merit-HF). Lancet 1999; 353: 2001–2007.

35. Rubart M, Zipes DP. Mechanisms of sudden cardiac death. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 2305–2315.

36. Taborsky M, Heinc P, Doupal V. Antiarytmika vs implantabilní kardiovertery-defibrilátory v prevenci náhle srdeční smrti: Definitivně vyřešená otázka? Kardiol Rev 2010; 12: 26–31.

37. Linde C, Gold MR, Abraham WT et al. REVERSE (REsynchronization reVErses Remodeling in Systolic left vEntricular dysfunction) Study Group. Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52: 1834–1843.