Current possibilities of monitoring of antithrombotic therapy – new antithrombotic drugs

Česká verzia

Authors: A. Buliková; J. Zavřelová; M. Matýšková
Authors place of work: Oddělení klinické hematologie FN Brno-Bohunice
Published in the journal: Kardiol Rev Int Med 2012, 14(2): 97-102

Summary

Current possibilities of monitoring of antithrombotic therapy – new antithrombotic drugs. Although currently commonly available antithrombotic drugs are effective for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders, they have several drawbacks. One of the most important of these is necessity of monitoring. In the past decades antithrombotic therapy research has focused on the development of new drugs with predictable pharmacological profile which allow physicians to use these agents without need of routine coagulation monitoring. On the other hand the assays to assess the level of anticoagulation may be of assistance in certain circumstances such as in case of overdose, in patients with therapy failure, in those with hemorrhagic complication or necessity of urgent surgery intervention and last but not least to assess the patient’s compliance. The authors summarise the current approach of laboratory investigation and coagulation assays in patient on antithrombotic therapy with special focussing on new antithrombotic drugs.

Keywords:
laboratory monitoring – new antithrombotic drugs – methods

Zdroje

1. Bauer KA. Recent progress in anticoagulant therapy: oral direct inhibitor of thrombin and factor Xa. J Thromb Haemaost 2011; 9 (Suppl 1): 12–19.

2. Buliková A, Penka M. Selhání antikoagulační léčby. Vnitř Lék 2006; 52:107–118.

3. Vardi M, Laor A, Bitterman H. Activated partial thromboplastin time monitoring in patients receiving unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism in relation to clinical outcomes. Thromb Haemost 2009; 102: 879–886.

4. Basu D, Gallus A, Hirsh J et al. A prospective study of the value of monitoring heparin treatment with the activated partial thromboplastin time. N Engl J Med 1972; 287: 324–327.

5. Zavřelová J, Smejkal P, Matýšková M et al. Citlivost reagencií aPTT. Dny hemostázy a trombózy Martin 1994, Abstrakta – nečíslováno.

6. World Health Organization Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Requirements for thromboplastins and plasma used to control oral anticoagulant therapy (Requirements for biological substances no. 30, revised 1982). Thirty-Third report. Annex 3. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1983; 687: 81–105.

7. Poller L. International normalised ratios (INR) – the first 20 years. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2: 849–860.

8. Poller L, Ibrahim S, Kearon M et al. European Action On Anticoagulation. The prothrombin time/international normalized radio (PT/INR) Line: derivation of local INR with commercial thromboplastins and coagulometers – two independent studies. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9: 140–148.

9. Christensen TD, Larsent TB. Precision and accuracy of point-of-care testing coagulometers used for self-testing and self-management of oral anticoagulation therapy. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10: 251–260.

10. Bounameaux H, Reber G. New oral antithrombotics: a need for laboratory monitoring. Against. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 627–630.

11. Buller HR, Sohne M, Middeldrop S. Treatment of venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3: 1554–1560.

12. Borneu B. Low molecular weight heparin therapy: is monitoring needed? Thromb Haemost 1994; 72: 330–334.

13. Laposata M, Green D, van Cott ENM et al. College of American Pathologist Conference XXXI on laboratory monitoring of anticoagulant therapy. The clinical use and laboratory monitoring of low-molecular-weight heparin, danaparoid, hirudin and related compounds, and argatroban. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1998; 122: 799–807.

14. Harenberg J. Is laboratory monitoring of low-molecular-weight heparin therapy necessary? Yes. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2: 547–550.

15. Bounameaux H, de Moerloose P. Is laboratory monitoring of low-molecular-weight heparin therapy necessary? No. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2: 551–554.

16. Greaves M. Control of Anticoagulation Subcommittee of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Limitation of the laboratory monitoring of heparin therapy. Scientific and Standardization Committee Communications: on behalf of the Control of Anticoagulation Subcommittee of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Thromb Haemost 2002; 87: 163–164.

17. Baglin T, Barrowcliffe TW, Cohen A et al. British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines on the use and monitoring of heparin. Br J Haematol 2006; 133: 19–34.

18. Nieuwenhuis HK, Albada J, Banga JD et al. Identification of risk factors for bleeding during treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with heparin and low molecular weight heparin. Blood 1991: 78: 2337–2343.

19. Gray E, Mulloy B, Barrowcliffe TW. Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin. Thromb Haemost 2008; 99: 807–818.

20. Ellison J, Thomson AJ, Conkie JA, et al. Thromboprophylaxis following Caesarean Section. A comparison of the antithrombotic properties of three low molecular weight heparins – dalterparin, enoxaparin and tinzaparin. Thromb Haemost 2001; 86: 1374–1378.

21. Maddaineni JM, Walenga JM, Jeske WP et al. Product individuality of commercially available low-molecular-weight heparins ond their generic versions: therapeutical implications. Clin Appl Thrombosis Hemostasis 2006; 12: 267–276.

22. Gosselin RC, King JH, Janatpour KA et al. Variability of plasma anti-Xa activities with different lots of enoxaparin. Ann Pharmacother 2004; 38: 563–568.

23. Fiamoli V, Blatný J, Zapletal O et al. Treatment of deep vein thrombosis with continuous IV infusion of LMWH: A retrospective study in 32 children. Thrombosis 2011, doi: 10.1155/2011/981497.

24. Hirsch J. Fondaparinux. BC Decker Inc., Hamilton 2007.

25. Castellone DD, VanCott EM. Laboratory monitoring of new anticoagulants. Am J Hematol 2010; 85: 185–187.

26. Galanis T, Thompson L, Palladino M et al. New oral anticoagulants. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2011; 31: 310–320.

27. Garcia D, Libby E, Crowther MA. The new oral anticoagulants. Blood 2010; 115: 15–20.

28. Hillarp A, Baghaei F, Fagerberg Blixter I et al. Effects of the oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban on commonly used coagulation assays. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9: 133–139.

29. Funatsu T, Iwatskuki Y, Kaku S. Darexaban had high sensitivity in the prothrombin time clotting test. J Thromb Haemost 2012; prepubl online: doi: 10,1111/j.1538-7836.2021.04655.x

30. Wong PC, Crain EJ, Xin B et al. Apixaban, an oral, direct and highly selective factor Xa inhibitor: in vitro, antihromobotic and andihemostatic studies. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6: 820–829.

31. Barrett YC, Wang Z, Frost C et al. Clinical laboratory measurement of direct factor Xa inhibitors. Anti-Xa assay is preferable to prothrombin time assay. Thromb Haemost 2010; 104: 1263–1271.

32. Samama MM, Contant G, Spiro TE et al. Rivaroxaban Anti-Factor Xa Chromogenic Assay Field Trial Laboratories. Evaluation of the anti-factor Xa chromorgenic assay for the measurement of rivaroxaban plasma concentrations using calibrators and controls. Thromb Haemost 2012; 107: 379–387.

33. Freyburger G, Macouillard G, Labrouche S et al. Coagulation parameters in patients receiving dabigatranetexilate or rivaroxaban: two observational studies in patients undergoing total hip or total knee replacement. Thromb Res 2011; 127: 457–465.

34. Samama MM, Martionoli JL, LeFlem L et al. Assessment of laboratory assays to measure rivaroxaban-an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor. Thromb Haemost 2010; 103: 815–825.

35. Tripodi A, Chantarangkul V, Guinet C et al. The international normalized ratio calibrated for rivaroxaban has the potential to normalize prothrombin time results for rivaroxaban treated patients: results of an in vitro study. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9: 226–228.

36. Gross PL, Weitz JI. New anticoagulants for treatment of venous thromboembolism. Ateriosler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28: 380–386.

37. Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK et al. RE-COVER Study Group. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2009 10.1056/NEJMoa0906589, downloaded from www.nejm.org December 9, 2009.

38. vanRyn J, Stangier J, Haertter S et al. Dabigatranetexilate – a novel, reversible, oral direct thrombin inhibitor: Interpretation of coagulation assays and reversal of anticoagulant activity. Thromb Haemost 2010; 103: 1116–1127.

39. Crowther MA, Warkentin TE. Managing bleeding in anticoagulated patients with a focus on novel therapeutic agents. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7 (Suppl 1): 107–110.

40. Erenberg ES, Kamphuisen PW, Sijpkens MK et al. Reversal of rivaroxaban and dabigatran by prothrombin complex concentrate. A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy subjects. Circulation 2011; 124: 1573–1579.

41. Fukuda T, Honda Y, Kamisato C et al. Reversal of anticoagulatn effects of edoxaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, with haemostatic agents. Thromb Haemost 2012; 107: 253–259.