Acute kidney injury

Česká verzia

Authors: J. Vachek ^1,2; O. Zakiyanov ^1,3; Š. Bandúr ⁴; V. Tesař ¹
Authors place of work: Klinika nefrologie VFN a 1. LF UK v Praze ¹; Farmakologický ústav 1. LF UK v Praze ²; Ústav lékařské biochemie a laboratorní diagnostiky VFN a 1. LF UK v Praze ³; 1. Interní klinika FN Královské Vinohrady a 3. LF UK v Praze ⁴
Published in the journal: Kardiol Rev Int Med 2014, 16(1): 57-61
Category: Internal Medicine

Summary

Acute kidney injury is generally defined as a condition characterised by the rapid loss of the kidney's excretory function with a decline of the glomerular filtration rate and is typically diagnosed by the accumulation of the end products of nitrogen metabolism or decreased urine output, or both. It is the clinical manifestation of a number of disorders that can affect the kidney acutely. Acute kidney injury is common in hospital patients and very common in critically ill patients, and is often secondary to extrarenal causes. New diagnostic techniques including renal biomarkers may help with early diagnosis. No specific therapies have emerged that can attenuate acute kidney injury or expedite recovery; thus, treatment is supportive. Patients are given renal replacement therapy if acute kidney injury is severe and biochemical or volume‑related, or if uraemic‑ toxaemia‑related complications are of concern. Patients typically recover to dialysis independence. However, evidence suggests that patients who have had acute kidney injury are at increased risk of subsequent chronic kidney disease. In general, acute kidney injury is associated with serious and far‑ reaching consequences not only for the patient (dialysis dependence, increased morbidity and mortality), but it also has significant economic implications for the health system.

Keywords:
acute kidney injury – creatinine – diuresis – haemodialysis – treatment

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