Urinary tract infections

Česká verzia

Authors: J. Vachek ^1,2; O. Zakiyanov ^1,3; V. Adámková ³ ; V. Tesař ¹
Authors place of work: Klinika nefrologie VFN a 1. LF UK v Praze ¹; Farmakologický ústav 1. LF UK v Praze ²; Ústav lékařské biochemie a laboratorní diagnostiky VFN a 1. LF UK v Praze ³
Published in the journal: Kardiol Rev Int Med 2014, 16(1): 74-77
Category: Internal Medicine

Summary

Urinary tract infections are one of the most frequent clinical bacterial infections in adults. Escherichia coli is the organism that causes urinary tract infections in most patients. Consensus guidelines have been published to assist clinicians with diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection; however, a single evidence‑based approach to diagnosis of urinary tract infection does not exist. There is no gold-standard definition of urinary tract infection that clinicians agree upon. In a subgroup of individuals with coexisting morbid conditions, complicated urinary tract infections can lead to upper tract infections or urosepsis. Although the initial treatment is antimicrobial therapy, use of different prophylactic regimens and alternative strategies are available to reduce exposure to antibiotics. Future studies improving the diagnostic accuracy of urinary tract infections are needed. This review will cover the prevalence, diagnosis and diagnostic challenges, management, and prevention of urinary tract infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults.

Keywords:
asymptomatic bacteriuria – antibiotic treatment – cystitis – Enterobacteriaceae – urinary infections – pyelonephritis

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