Biochemical Composition of the Teeth and the Effect of the Various Chemical Elements on their Structure (Review article)
Authors:
S. Dolinská; V. Tomečková
Authors place of work:
Ústav lekárskej a klinickej biochémie LF UPJŠ, Košice, Slovenská republika
Published in the journal:
Česká stomatologie / Praktické zubní lékařství, ročník 117, 2017, 1, s. 13-23
Category:
Review Article
Summary
Introduction and objectives:
The main objective of this review article is a detailed description of the tooth structure, bioorganic and bioinorganic composition of the tooth components, the protective biochemical process of tooth which can protect against tooth caries and processes which might damage the integrity of the tooth. The next section of this work describes the effect of various dietary chemical elements which are involved in the stronger teeth structure and increase the resistance of teeth against the effect of acids.
Methods:
Analysis of teeth composition, comparison of different chemical elements from diet.
Results:
Defense capability of enamel enhances suitable enamel structure and biochemical composition, especially the fact that each enamel crystal is covered with shell „rod sheath“ that is more mineralized than the other layers of enamel. This structure contains iron and magnesium. The combination of these two elements gives the enamel a desired resistance to acids. Enamel proteins play an important role in the enamel. Proteins strengthen a enamel and regulate the development of hydroxyapatite crystals. For maintaining healthy teeth and mainly the enamel are needed several chemical elements (boron, silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus), vitamins (D, K) and animal proteins, which enhances the absorption of calcium and magnesium. Noble metals (silver, gold, platinum) act as antiseptic and antioxidant elements. On the other hand, there are substances which damages the health of teeth, especially phytic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, increased amount of saccharides and fats reduce the resorption of calcium. Lead displaces calcium from the tooth structure and lectins interfere with the absorption of nutrients needed for teeth.
Conclusion:
This work describes in detail the individual components of tooth and bioorganic and bioinorganic composition of tooth. Bioorganic part showed in highly mineralized tooth important role in maintaining the integrity of the tooth. The right combination of elements, vitamins from varied diet and sun exposure contribute to maintaining healthy teeth.
Keywords:
tooth – enamel – hydroxyapatite – chemical elements – proteins – diet
Zdroje
1. Bergenholtz, G., Horsted-Bindslev, P., Reit, C.: Textbook of endodontology. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, 2010, s. 100–102. ISBN: 978-1-4051-7095-6.
2. do Espírito Santo, A. R., Frozoni, M. R., Ramos-Perez, F. M., Novaes, P. D., Line, S. R.: Birefringence of the secretory-stage enamel organic extracellular matrix from rats submitted to successive injections of bisphosphonates. Research support. Connect Tissue Res., roč. 51, 2010, č. 3, s. 208–215.
3. Dorvee, J. R., Gerkowicz, L., Bahmanyar, S., Deymier-Black, A., Veis, A.: Chondroitin sulfate is involved in the hypercalcification of the organic matrix of bovine peritubular dentin. Research support. Arch. Oral. Bio., roč. 62, 2015, s. 100.
4. Gallon, V., Chen, L., Yang, X., Moradian-Oldak, J.: Localization and quantitative co-localization of enamelin with amelogenin. Research support. J. Struct. Biol., roč. 10, 2013, č. 2, s. 239–249.
5. Gheorghe, S., Crăciun, M.: Matrix gla protein in tumoral pathology. A longitudinal study. Clujul Med., roč. 89, 2016, č. 3, s. 319–321.
6. Giacaman, A., Valenzuela-Ramos, R., Muñoz-Sandoval, C.: In situ anticariogenic activity of free fatty acids after sucrose exposure to oral biofilms formed on enamel. Research support. Am. J. Dent., roč. 29, 2016, č. 2, s. 81–86.
7. Hark, L., Morrison, G.: Medical nutrition & disease. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 2016, 600 s. ISBN 978-1405186155.
8. Herzog, K., Scott, M., Hujoel, P., Seminario, L.: Association of vitamin D and dental caries in children: findings from the National Health and Nutrition. A longitudinal study. J. Am. Dent. Assoc., roč. 10, 2016, č. 6, s. 147.
9. Hu, J. C., Hu, Y., Lu, Y., Smith, C. E., Lertlam, R., Wright, J. T., Suggs C., McKee, M. D., Beniash, E., Kabir, M. E., Simmer, J. P.: Enamelin is critical for ameloblast integrity and enamel ultrastructure formation. Research support. PLoS One., roč. 9, 2014, č. 3, s. 137.
10. Jaffar, N., Miyazaki, T., Maeda, T.: Biofilm formation of periodontal pathogens on hydroxyapatite surfaces. Review. J. Biomed. Mater Res. A., roč. 104, 2016, č. 11, s. 98.
11. Kaidonis, J., Townsend, G.: The ‚sialo-microbial-dental complex‘ in oral health and disease. Review, roč. 23, 2016, č. 3, s. 85–89. z ttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/articles/25758745/
12. Kumar, S.: Textbook of dental anatomy and tooth morphology. New Delhi JAYPEE, 2004, s. 79.
13. Lee, M. A., Gabe, M. S., Nightingale, M. J., Burke, M.: Clinical nutrition. St Luise, Elsevier, 2013, s. 206, ISBN 9781439818183.
14. Letsinger, C., Vellers, L., Granados, Z., Walker, R., Spier, E., Lambertz, I., Fuchs-Young, R., Lightfoot, T.: The effect of a high fat/high sugar diet and physical activity on body fat percentage and bone mineral density. Supported research. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., roč. 48, 2016, č. 5, s. 525.
15. Long, S., Romani, M.: Role of cellular magnesium in human diseases. A longitudinal study. Austin J. Nutr. Food Sci., roč. 10, 2014, č. 2, s. 10.
16. Loveren, C., Broukal, Z., Oganessian, E.: Functional food. Review. Eur. J. Nutr., roč. 51, 2012, č. 10, s. 15–25.
17. McGuire, J. D., Walker, M. P., Mousa, A., Wang, Y., Gorski, J. P.: Type VII collagen is enriched in the enamel organic matrix associated with the dentin-enamel junction of mature human teeth. Research support, 2014, z https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24594343
18. Mellanby, M.: Dental caries and nutrition. Brit. Dent. J., roč. 62, 2015, č. 19, s. 241–252
19. Migliorati, A., Madrid, C.: The interface between oral and systemic health. Research support. Clin. Microbial. Infect., roč. 13, 2007, č. 4, s. 11.
20. Mikulski, D., Kłosowski, G.: Evaluation of phytic acid utilization by S. cerevisiae strains used in fermentation processes and biomass production. Research. J. Basic Microbiol., 2016.
21. Nelson, S., Ash, M.: Wheeler´s dental anatomy, physiology and occlucion. London, Elsevier, 2013, 401 s. ISBN 978-1-4160--6209-7.
22. Nunes, L., Mussavira, S., Bindhu, O.: Clinical and diagnostic utility of saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid. Review. Biochem. Med., roč. 25, 2015. č. 2, s. 177–192.
23. Orstavik, D., Pitt Ford, T.: Essential endodontology. Prevention and treatment of apical periodontitis. Oxford, Blackwell Munksgaard, 2008, 488 s. ISBN: 978-1-4051-4976-1.
24. Phillippi, C., Holley, L., Morad, A., Collins, R.: Prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Research. 2016, z https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27389610
25. Prajapati, S., Tao, J., Ruan, Q., De Yoreo, J. J., Moradian-Oldak, J.: Matrix metalloproteinase-20 mediates dental enamel biomineralization by preventing protein occlusion inside apatite crystals. Biomaterials, roč. 10, 2016, č. 10, s. 260–270.
26. Rajesh, S., Hegde, S., Kumar, S.: Assessment of salivary calcium, phosphate, magnesium, pH, and flow rate in healthy subjects, periodontitis, and dental caries. Contemp. Clin. Dent., roč. 6, 2016 č. 4, s. 461–465.
27. Ruan, Q., Moradian-Oldak, J.: Amelogenin and enamel biomimetics. Research. J. Mater Chem. B. Mater Biol. Med., roč. 3, 2015, z https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26251723
28. Shearer, J., Swithers, E.: Artificial sweeteners and metabolic dysregulation: Lessons learned from agriculture and the laboratory. Review. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord., roč. 10, 2016, č. 2, s. 179–186.
29. Schroth, J., Rabbani, R., Loewen, G., Moffatt, E.: Vitamin D and dental caries in children. A longitudinal study. J. Dent. Res., roč. 95, 2016, č. 2, s. 6.
30. Schuurs, A.: Pathology of the hard dental tissue. Oxford, Wiley, 2013, 446 s. ISBN 9781118702659.
31. Siddarajaiah, G. R.: Textbook of dental anatomy, physiology and occlusion. St. Luise, Elsevier, 2014, 401 s., ISBN 97893-502-5940-5.
32. Silva, O., Bracarense, P.: Phytic acid: from antinutritional to multiple protection factor of organic systems. Research. J. Food Sci., roč. 81, 2016, č. 6, s. 26.
33. Sodhi, R. N., Symington, J.: Penetration of chlorhexidine coating into tooth enamel. A surface analytical study. Biointerphases, roč. 11, 2016, č. 4, s. 4.
34. Southward, K.: A hypothetical role for vitamin K2 in the endocrine and exocrine aspects of dental caries. Review. Med. Hypotheses., roč. 84, 2015, č. 3, s. 276–280.
35. Zhao, C., Zhou, R., Tian, Y., Tang, Y., Ning, H., Liu, H.: Effects of the nutritional education and dietary intervention on nutritional status and bone mineral density of middle-aged and senile patients with osteoporosis. Randomized controlled trial. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu., roč. 45, 2016, č. 2, s. 230–235.
Štítky
Maxillofacial surgery Orthodontics Dental medicineČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Czech Dental Journal
2017 Číslo 1
- What Effect Can Be Expected from Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis?
- The Importance of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Administration to Diabetics with Gingivitis
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Biochemical Composition of the Teeth and the Effect of the Various Chemical Elements on their Structure (Review article)
- The Effect of Chemical Compounds on Pigmentation and Depigmentation of Teeth (Review article)
-
Review of the Expert Systems in General Medicine and Dentistry
(Review Article) - The Roma Population and Selected Aspects of Dental Care (Original Article – Epidemiologic Study)