One hunfred years of allergen immunotherapy, first year in the form of sublingual tablets

Česká verzia

Authors: E. Pekarová; Gürtler L’.
Authors place of work: Alergo-imunologická ambulancia, Banská Bystrica ; Prednosta: MUDr. Milan Kmeť, PhD. ; FNsP F. D. Roosevelta, Interná klinika
Published in the journal: Prakt. Lék. 2011; 91(9): 544-548
Category: Public relations

Summary

Allergy is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. Treatment with H1-antihistamines, antileukotrienes, beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonists and corticosteroids provide a temporary suppression of inflammatory mediators and immune cells and release the symptoms but doesn’t solve the cause of the disease. The only causal treatment which can reprogram the specific immunity from allergy to tolerance is allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT).

The aim of ASIT is the induction of an immune-tolerant state in which allergen-specific T regulatory cells (Treg) play the main role. These Treg cells inhibit both Th1 and Th2 responses through the production of IL-10 and TGF-beta. A decrease in the IgE/IgG4 ratio has been observed which correlates with the clinical efficacy. ASIT involves repeated administration of stepwise increasing doses of the allergen given subcutaneously or orally / sublingually.

Sublingual immunotherapy takes advantage of an important physiological mechanism of oral mucosal tolerance. Draining lymph nodes represent specialized microenvironment favoring the induction of mucosal tolerance through the production of blocking IgG antibodies and the induction of T suppressive lymphocytes. Many EBM trials approved safety and effectiveness of SLIT. In the form of sublingual tablet makes the manipulation, dosage and compliance of patient more easier.

Key words:
allergy, allergen tolerance, ASIT, SLIT.

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