Základy kognitivní, afektivní a sociální neurovědy
IX. Altruismus

Česká verzia

Authors: F. Koukolík
Authors place of work: Primář: MUDr. František Koukolík, DrSc. ; Národní referenční laboratoř prionových chorob ; Fakultní Thomayerova nemocnice s poliklinikou, Praha ; Oddělení patologie a molekulární medicíny
Published in the journal: Prakt. Lék. 2011; 91(9): 507-511
Category: Editorial

Summary

Hamilton´s kin selection (inclusive fitness),
Triver’s and Maynard-Smith´s reciprocal altruism

are classical theories explaining biological altruism.

Human altruism is unique in the animal world. It has phylogenetic and ontogenetic roots. Human altruism is based on strong reciprocity – a combination of altruistic punishment and rewarding. Simon’s elegant theory of social selection and succesful altruism explains human altruism in terms of docility and bounded rationality.

Inequity aversion,
reciprocal fairness, and
reputation seeking

as explaining theories are investigated in economic games.

Human altruism has neurobiological correlates evident in experiments making use of functional imaging and molecular genetic methods. Batson’s interesting interpretation explains human altruism as evolution of mammalian and human parental nurturance and empathy.

Key words:
human altruism, evolution, neurobiological correlates, Batson’s interpretation.

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