Two current pandemics: obesity and COVID-19
Authors:
V. Hainer; M. Kunešová; R. Taxová-Braunerová; H. Zamrazilová; I. Aldhoon-Hainerová
Authors place of work:
Centrum pro diagnostiku a léčbu obezity, Vedoucí: prof. MUDr. Marie Kunešová, CSc.
; Endokrinologický ústav, Praha, Ředitelka: doc. RNDr. Běla Bendlová, CSc.
Published in the journal:
Prakt. Lék. 2020; 100(4): 159-163
Category:
Editorial
Summary
With a new millennium obesity has become a global epidemic while in 2020 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide, particularly in the countries with a high prevalence of obesity. Severely obese patients (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) frequently require intensive care and invasive mechanical ventilation. The susceptibility of these obese patients to severe course of COVID-19 is mainly due to increased cardiometabolic risks, chronic low-grade inflammation and impaired respiratory functions. The current experience with risks of severe obesity in SARS-CoV-2 – infected patients should be a great challenge for implementation of efficient tools in prevention and treatment of obesity addressed to both health care providers and the whole society. The deleterious lifestyle effects of unavoidable restrictive measures during the coronavirus pandemic on both obese and non-obese population should also be seriously considered and appropriate lifestyle intervention should be initiated in the “post COVID period“ in order to prevent further increase in the pandemic of obesity.
Keywords:
obesity – COVID-19 – pandemic – disease severity – cardiometabolic risks – chronic low-grade inflammation – respiratory function impairment
Zdroje
1. Hainer V, Aldhoon-Hainerová I, Zamrazilová H. Úloha infekce v patogenezi obezity. Čas. Lék. čes. 2012; 151: 563–567.
2. Hainer V, Zamrazilová H, Kunešová M, et al. Obesity and infection: Reciprocal causality. Physiol Res 2015; 64(Suppl 2): S105–S119.
3. Yang L, Chan KP, Lee RS-Y, et al. Obesity and influenza associated mortality: Evidence from an elderly cohort in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Prev Med 2013; 56: 118–123.
4. Louie JK, Acosta M, Winter K, et al. Factors associated with death or hospitalization due to pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection in California. JAMA 2009; 302: 1896–1902.
5. Almond MH, Edwards MR, Barclay WS, Johnston SL. Obesity and susceptibility to severe outcomes following respiratory viral infection. Thorax 2013; 68: 684–686.
6. Morgan OW, Bramley A, Fowlkes A, et al. Morbid obesity as a risk factor for hospitalization and death due to 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) disease. PloS One 2010; 5(3): e9694 [online]. Dostupný z: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0009694 [cit. 2020-06-19].
7. Aldhoon-Hainerová I, Zamrazilová H, Atkinson RL, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of 1179 Czech adolescents evaluated for antibodies to human adenovirus 36. Int J Obes (Lond). 2014; 38: 285–291.
8. Zamrazilová H, Aldhoon-Hainerová I, Atkinson RL, et al. Adenovirus 36 infection: A role of dietary intake and response to inpatient weight management. Int J Obes (Lond). 2015; 39: 1757–1760.
9. WHO. Obesity and overweight [online]. Dostupný z: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight [cit. 2020-06-19].
10. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020; 323: 1061–1069.
11. DG Alerts. COVID-19: Daily dashboard [online]. Dostupný z: https://dgalerts.docguide.com/covid-19-daily-dashboard-54? [cit. 2020-06-19].
12. Buscemi S, Buscemi C, Batsis JA. There is a relationship between obesity and COVID-19 but more information is needed. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020 May 12 [online]. Dostupný z: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.22883 [cit. 2020-06-18].
13. Peng YD, Meng K, Guan HQ, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 112 cardiovascular disease patients infected by 2019-nCoV. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2020; 43: 48(0): E004 [online]. Dostupný z: doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20200220-00105 [cit. 2020-06-18].
14. Caussy C, Wallet F, Laville M, Disse E. Obesity is associated with severe forms of COVID-19. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 10.1002/oby.22842 [online]. Dostupný z: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7264509/ [cit. 2020-06-18].
15. Kassir R. Risk of COVID-19 for patients with obesity. Obes Rev. 2020; 21(6): e13034 [online]. Dostupný z: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/obr.13034 [cit. 2020-06-18].
16. Chen Q, Zheng Z, Zhang C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 145 patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China. Infection 2020; 1–9 [online]. Dostupný z: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7186187/ [cit. 2020-06-18].
17. Kalligeros M, Shehadeh F, Mylona EK, et al. Association of obesity with severe disease severity among patients with COVID-19. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020 Apr 30. [online]. Dostupný z: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.22859 [cit. 2020-06-18].
18. Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA 2020; 323: 2052–2059.
19. Rezende LFM, Thome B, Schveitzer MC, et al. Adults at high-risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) in Brazil. Rev. Saude Publica 2020; 54:50 [on line]. Dostupný z: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v54/1518-8787-rsp-54-50.pdf [cit. 2020-06-18].
20. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 395(10223): 497–506.
21. Hajifathalian K, Kumar S, Newberry C, et al. Obesity is associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19: analysis of early data from New York City. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020 May 29 [online]. Dostupný z: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.22923 [cit. 2020-06-18].
22. Vetter P, Vu DL, L’Huillier AG, et al. Clinical features of covid-19. BMJ 2020; 369: 1470 [online]. Dostupný z: http://doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1470 [cit. 2020-06-18].
23. Goyal P, Choi JJ, Pinheiro LC, et al. Clinical characteristics of Covid-19 in New York City. N Engl J Med 2020; 382(24): 2372–2374.
24. Gautier J-F, Ravussin Y. A new symptom of COVID-19: Loss of taste and smell. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28(5): 848 [online]. Dostupný z: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.22809 [cit. 2020-06-18].
25. Lee Y, Min P, Lee S, Kim SW. Prevalence and duration of acute loss of smell or taste in COVID-19 patients. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35(18): e174 [on line]. Dostupný z: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211515/ [cit. 2020-06-18].
26. Passarelli PC, Lopez MA, Bonaviri GNM, et al. Taste and smell chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 infection. Am J Dent 2020; 33(3): 135–137.
27. Simonnet A, Chetboun M, Poissy J, et al. High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020 Apr 9 [online]. Dostupný z: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.22831 [cit. 2020-06-18].
28. Sattar N, McInnes IB, McMurray JJV. Obesity a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection: Multiple potential mechanisms. Circulation 2020 Apr 22; Dostupný z: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047659 [cit. 2020-06-18].
29. Hu L, Chen S, Fu Y, et al. Risk factors associated with clinical outcomes in 323 COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 May 3; ciaa539 [online]. Dostupný z: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7197620/pdf/ciaa539.pdf [cit. 2020-06-18].
30. Zhao L. Obesity accompanying COVID-19: the role of epicardial fat. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020 [online]. Dostupný z: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.22867 [cit. 2020-06-18].
31. Herold T, Jurinovic V, Arnreich C, et al. Elevated levels of interleukin-6 and CRP predict the need for mechanical ventilation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020 May 13 [online]. Dostupný z: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7233239/ [cit. 2020-06-18].
32. Carter SJ, Baranauskas MN, Fly AD. Considerations for obesity, vitamin D, and physical activity amid the COVID–19 pandemic. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020 Apr 16 [online]. Dostupný z: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.22838 [cit. 2020-06-18].
33. Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, et al. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients 2020; 12(4): 988 [online]. Dostupný z: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7231123/ [cit. 2020-06-18].
34. Huang J-F, Wang X-B, Zheng KI, et al. Letter to the Editor: Obesity hypoventilation syndrome and severe COVID-19. Metabolism 2020; 108: 154249 [online]. Dostupný z: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7195293/ [cit. 2020-06-18].
35. Saucillo DC, Gerriets VA, Sheng J, et al. Leptin metabolically licenses T cells for activation to link nutrition and immunity. J Immunol 2014; 192: 136–144.
36. Jain M, Budinger GRS, Lo A, et al. Leptin promotes fibroproliferative acute respiratory distress syndrome by inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 1490–1498.
37. Menter T, Haslbauer JD, Nienhold R, et al. Post-mortem Examination of COVID19 Patients Reveals Diffuse Alveolar Damage With Severe Capillary Congestion and Variegated Findings of Lungs and Other Organs Suggesting Vascular Dysfunction. Histopathology [on line] 2020 May 4. Dostupný z: http://doi: 10.1111/his.14134.
38. South AM, Diz DI, Chappell MC. COVID-19, ACE2, and the cardiovascular consequences. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318: H1084–H1090.
39. Xiao F, Tang M, Zheng X, et al. Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2. Gastroenterology 2020; 158: 1831–1833.
40. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Respir Med [on line] 2020; 8(4): e21. Dostupný z: http://doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30116-8.
41. Lighter J, Phillips M, Hochman S, et al. Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission. Clin Infect Dis [on line] 2020 Apr 9. Dostupný z: http://doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa415.
42. Kass DA, Duggal P, Cingolani O. Obesity could shift severe COVID-19 disease to younger ages. Lancet 2020; 395(10236): 1544–1545.
43. Busetto L, Bettini S, Fabris R, et al. Obesity and COVID-19: an Italian snapshot. Obesity (Silver Spring) [on line] 2020 May 28. Dostupný z: http://doi: 10.1002/oby.22918.
44. Hainer V, Aldhoon-Hainerová I. Obesity paradox does exist. Diabetes Care 2013; 36 (Suppl 2): S276–S281.
45. Acharya P, Upadhyay L, Oayi A, et al. The paradox prevails: Outcomes are better in critically ill obese patients regardless of the comorbidity burden. J Crit Care 2019; 53: 25–31.
46. McGinty EE, Presskreischer, Han H, Barry CL. Psychological Distress and Loneliness Reported by US Adults in 2018 and April 2020. JAMA [on line] 2020 Jun 3. Dostupný z: http://doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.9740.
47. Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao J, et al. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet 2020; 395(10228): 945–947.
48. Pietrobelli A, Pecoraro L, Ferruzzi A, et al. Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors in children with obesity living in Verona, Italy: A longitudinal study. Obesity (Silver Spring) [on line] 2020 Apr 30; Dostupný z: http://doi:10.1002/oby.22861
49. Nagata J, Magid HSA, Gabriel KP. Screen time exposure for children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity (Silver Spring) [on line] 2020 May 28. Dostupný z: http://doi: 10.1002/oby.22917
50. Fruhbeck G, Baker JL, Busetto L, et al. European Association for the Study of Obesity position statement on the global COVID-19 pandemic. Obes Facts [on line] 2020; 13: 292–296. Dostupný z: http://doi:10.1159/000508082
51. Luzi L, Radaelli MG. Influenza and obesity: Its odd relationship and lessons for COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57(6): 759–764.
52. Yang W, Wang C, Shikora S, Kow L. Recommendations for metabolic and bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic from IFSO. Obes Surg [on line] 2020; 30: 2071-2073. Dostupný z: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-04578-1
Štítky
General practitioner for children and adolescents General practitioner for adultsČlánok vyšiel v časopise
General Practitioner
2020 Číslo 4
- Advances in the Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis on the Horizon
- Memantine Eases Daily Life for Patients and Caregivers
- What Effect Can Be Expected from Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis?
- Spasmolytic Effect of Metamizole
- Metamizole at a Glance and in Practice – Effective Non-Opioid Analgesic for All Ages
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Manifestations of infectious diseases in the oral cavity
- ERAS concept and its contribution to intensive care
- Laryngocele – current view of the issue
- Two current pandemics: obesity and COVID-19