Escape Strategies of Tumors from Immune Surveillence

Česká verzia

Authors: M. Šťastný ^1*; B. Říhová ^2**
Authors place of work: Bristol‑ Myers Squibb spol. s r. o., Praha2 Mikrobiologický ústav AV ČR, v. v. i., Praha ¹
Published in the journal: Klin Onkol 2015; 28(Supplementum 4): 28-37
Category: Generals
doi: https://doi.org/10.14735/amko20154S28

Summary

Immune system must be able to protect us from foreign dangerous pathogens, but on the other side, it must be able to recognize our own tissues and organs. Activity of the immune system is affected by many positive (stimulatory) and negative (inhibitory) signals. Some of these negative receptors protect us from damage of our tissues at a place of inflammation as it blocks too intensive or long‑lasting immune reaction. Thereby, they have a physiological protective function against strong inflammatory reaction and possible subsequent autoimmune pathology. However, some of these mechanisms are also utilized by tumors to avoid immune recognition and attention of the immune cells. Other tumor escape mechanisms involve increased production of cytokines and factors which are responsible for immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment where effective immune response is actively blocked. This review summarizes the most frequently used strategies, which are utilized by tumors to avoid immune recognition and/ or killing by the immune cells.

Key words:
immune evasion – tumor escape – immunotherapy – CTLA-4 – PD-1 – immune checkpoint

* I declare that, in connection with this contribution of which I am the co-author, I have a conflict of interest with following company: Bristol-Myers Squibb al. s r. o.

Author is former employee of Institute of Microbiology of the AS CR, v. v. i., Prague.

** The author declares she has no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study.

The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.

Submitted:
4. 8. 2015

Accepted:
1. 10. 2015

Zdroje

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