A set of pictures with the opposite difficulty of naming

Česká verzia

Authors: A. Bartoš ^1,2; M. Hohinová ³
Authors place of work: Neurologická klinika 3. LF UK a FN Královské Vinohrady, Praha ¹; Národní ústav duševního zdraví, Klecany ²; Katedra psychologie, FF UK, Praha ³
Published in the journal: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2018; 81(4): 466-474
Category: Original Paper
doi: https://doi.org/10.14735/amcsnn2018466

Summary

Aim:
We aimed to create a set of pictures unambiguously named by Czech one word and to divide them into two categories according to the difficulty of naming for patients with cognitive impairment.

Patients and methods:
First, a list of words accompanied by black and white drawings was created. These pictures drawn in different ways were repeatedly presented to elderly persons and patients with cognitive impairment during five attempts of preliminary research. The result was expressed by the percentage of name agreement of the picture name and its expected name. The pictures which did not meet certain criteria were excluded out of an intial set of 173 pictures. The last set of 70 pictures was presented to a sample of 305 elderly people in two forms, paper (n = 135) and electronic form (n = 170). An additional 70 patients with a variety of cognitive disorders, primarily with Alzheimer’s disease, named the same set of pictures in written paper form for comparative purposes with the rest of the sample. They were also examined by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (21 ± 5 points) or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (20 ± 4 points).

Results:
The main outcome includes 14 pictures that were difficult to name by patients with cognitive impairment and easily named by elderly people without cognitive deficit – Eskimo, crane, thermometer, totem, mirror, cake, stamp, magnifying glass, traffic light, robot, waterfall, airship, submarine and chessboard. Pictures with more than 90% agreement of correct naming in both healthy and cognitively impaired samples were identified as easy to name. They included barrel, pencil, moon, glasses, comb, key, pram, table, roller, chair and 27 other pictures.

Conclusion:
Pictures that were difficult to name will be an important source for creating new screening tests and aids for discrimination of cognitively normal elderly individuals from those with cognitive impairment. On the contrary, easy-to-name pictures will be suitable for testing visual memory where the learning phase will not be affected by naming errors.

Key words:
memory – Alzheimer‘s disease – dementia – test – screening – image

The authors declare they have no potentialconflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study.

The Editorial Board declares that the manu script met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.

Zdroje

1. Bartoš A, Raisová M. Testy a dotazníky pro vyšetřování kognitivních funkcí, nálady a soběstačnosti. Praha: Mladá fronta 2015.

2. Topinková E, Jirák R, Kožený J. Krátká neurokognitivní baterie pro screening demence v klinické praxi: sedmiminutový screeningový test. Neurol Praxi 2002; 6: 323– 328.

3. Bartoš A, Raisová M, Kopeček M. Novelizace české verze Addenbrookského kognitivního testu (ACE-CZ). Cesk Slov Neurol N 2011; 74/ 107(6): 681– 684.

4. Bartoš A, Raisová M, Kopeček M. Důvody a průběh novelizace české verze Addenbrookského kognitivního testu (ACE-CZ). Cesk Slov Neurol N 2011; 74/ 107(6): e1– e5.

5. Beránková D, Krulová P, Mračková M et al. Addenbrookský kognitivní test – orientační normy pro českou populaci. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2015; 78/ 111(3): 300– 305.

6. Bartoš A, Čermáková P, Orlíková H et al. Soubor jednoznačně pojmenovatelných obrázků k hodnocení a léčbě jazykových a kognitivních deficitů. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2013; 76/ 109(4): 453– 462.

7. Bartoš A. Netestuj, ale POBAV - písemné záměrné Pojmenování OBrázku A jejich Vybavení jako krátká kognitivní zkouška. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2016; 79/ 112(6): 671– 679.

8. Roach A, Schwartz MF, Martin N et al. The Philadelphia Naming Test: scoring and rationale. Clinical Aphasiology 1996; 24: 121– 133.

9. Liu Y, Hao M, Li P et al. Timed picture naming norms for Mandarin Chinese. PloS One 2011; 6(1): e16505. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0016505.

10. Bates E, D‘Amico S, Jacobsen T et al. Timed picture naming in seven languages. Psychon Bull Rev 2003; 10(2): 344– 380.

11. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53(4): 695– 699. doi: 10.1111/ j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x.

12. Bartoš A, Orlíková H, Raisová M et al. Česká tréninková verze Montrealského kognitivního testu (MoCA-CZ1) k časné detekci Alzheimerovy nemoci. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2014; 77/ 110(5): 587– 594 .

13. Bartoš A, Janoušek M, Petroušová R et al. Tři časy Testu kreslení hodin hodnocené BaJa skórováním u časné Alzheimerovy nemoci. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2016; 79/ 112(4): 406– 412.

14. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. „Mini-Mental State“. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12(3): 189– 198.

15. Ivanova I, Salmon DP, Gollan TH. The multilingual naming test in Alzheimer‘s disease: clues to the origin of naming impairments. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2013; 19(3): 272– 283. doi: 10.1017/ S1355617712001282.

16. Gollan TH, Weissberger GH, Runnqvist E et al. Self-ratings of spoken language dominance: a Multi-Lingual Naming Test (MINT) and preliminary norms for young and aging Spanish-English bilinguals. Biling (Camb Engl) 2012; 15(3): 594– 615. doi: 10.1017/ S1366728911000332.

17. Snodgrass JG, Vanderwart M. A standardized set of 260 pictures: norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. J Exp Psychol Hum Learn 1980; 6(2): 174– 215.

18. Cycowicz YM, Friedman D, Rothstein M et al. Picture naming by young children: norms for name agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. J Exp ChildPsychol 1997; 65(2): 171– 237. doi: 10.1006/ jecp.1996.2356.

19. Brodeur MB, Dionne-Dostie E, Montreuil T et al. The Bank of Standardized Stimuli (BOSS), a new set of 480 normative photos of objects to be used as visual stimuli in cognitive research. PloS One 2010; 5(5): e10773. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0010773.

20. Johnston RA, Dent K, Humphreys GW et al. British-English norms and naming times for a set of 539 pictures: the role of age of acquisition. Behav Res Methods 2010; 42(2): 461– 469. doi: 10.3758/ BRM.42.2.461.

21. O‘Sullivan M, Lepage M, Bouras M et al. North-American norms for name disagreement: pictorial stimuli naming discrepancies. PloS One 2012; 7(10): e47802. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0047802.

22. Kremin H, Akhutina T, Basso A et al. A cross-linguistic data bank for oral picture naming in Dutch, English, German, French, Italian, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish (PEDOI). Brain Cogn 2003; 53(2): 243– 246.

23. Šteňová V, Cséfalvay Z. Vplyv charakteristík testových položiek na výkon v teste pomenovania obrázkov u slovensky hovoriacich pacientov s roznou etiológiou mozkovej patológie. Cesk Slov Psychol 2011: 55(6): 486– 498.

24. Flicker C, Ferris SH, Crook T et al. Implications of memory and language dysfunction in the naming deficit of senile dementia. Brain Lang 1987; 31(2): 187– 200.

25. Hodges JR, Patterson K. Is semantic memory consistently impaired early in the course of Alzheimer‘s disease? Neuroanatomical and diagnostic implications. Neuropsychologia 1995; 33(4): 441– 459.

26. Ahmed S, Arnold R, Thompson SA et al. Naming of objects, faces and buildings in mild cognitive impairment. Cortex 2008; 44(6): 746– 752. doi: 10.1016/ j.cortex.2007.02.002.

27. Imamura T, Takatsuki Y, Fujimori M et al. Age at onset and language disturbances in Alzheimer‘s disease. Neuropsychologia 1998; 36(9): 945– 949.

28. Bentham PW, Jones S, Hodges JR. A comparison of semantic memory in vascular dementia and dementia of Alzheimer‘s type. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1997; 12(5): 575– 580.

29. Rogers TT, Ivanoiu A, Patterson K et al. Semantic memory in Alzheimer‘s disease and the frontotemporal dementias: a longitudinal study of 236 patients. Neuropsychology 2006; 20(3): 319– 335. doi: 10.1037/ 0894-4105.20.3.319.

30. Sugimoto A, Midorikawa A, Koyama S et al. Picture agnosia as a characteristic of posterior cortical atrophy. Eur Neurol 2012; 68(1): 34– 41. doi: 10.1159/ 000335589.

31. Domoto-Reilly K, Sapolsky D, Brickhouse M et al. Naming impairment in Alzheimer‘s disease is associated with left anterior temporal lobe atrophy. Neuroimage 2012; 63(1): 348– 355. doi: 10.1016/ j.neuroimage.2012.06.018.

32. Ahn HJ, Seo SW, Chin J et al. The cortical neuroanatomy of neuropsychological deficits in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer‘s disease: a surface-based morphometric analysis. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49(14): 3931– 3945. doi: 10.1016/ j.neuropsychologia.2011.10.010.