Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of stroke: A pooled analysis of data from population-based cohort studies

English version České info

In a pooled analysis of data from 3 cohort studies, Karin Leander and colleagues examine the association between postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of stroke.

Vyšlo v časopise: Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of stroke: A pooled analysis of data from population-based cohort studies. PLoS Med 14(11): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002445
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002445

Souhrn

In a pooled analysis of data from 3 cohort studies, Karin Leander and colleagues examine the association between postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of stroke.

Zdroje

1. Manson JE, Kaunitz AM. Menopause Management—Getting Clinical Care Back on Track. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(9):803–6. Epub 2016/03/11. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1514242 26962899.

2. Formoso G, Perrone E, Maltoni S, Balduzzi S, Wilkinson J, Basevi V, et al. Short-term and long-term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2016;10:CD008536. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008536.pub3 27733017.

3. Simon JA, Hsia J, Cauley JA, Richards C, Harris F, Fong J, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of stroke: The Heart and Estrogen-progestin Replacement Study (HERS). Circulation. 2001;103(5):638–42. 11156873.

4. Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Kernan WN, Sarrel PM, Suissa S, Horwitz RI. A clinical trial of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke. The New England journal of medicine. 2001;345(17):1243–9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa010534 11680444.

5. Grady D, Herrington D, Bittner V, Blumenthal R, Davidson M, Hlatky M, et al. Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II). JAMA. 2002;288(1):49–57. Epub 2002/07/02. joc20521 [pii]. 12090862.

6. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321–33. Epub 2002/07/19. joc21036 [pii]. 12117397.

7. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, Bassford T, Beresford SA, Black H, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291(14):1701–12. Epub 2004/04/15. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.14.1701 291/14/1701 [pii]. 15082697.

8. Veerus P, Hovi SL, Fischer K, Rahu M, Hakama M, Hemminki E. Results from the Estonian postmenopausal hormone therapy trial [ISRCTN35338757]. Maturitas. 2006;55(2):162–73. Epub 2006/03/01. S0378-5122(06)00058-2 [pii]. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.01.012 16504428.

9. Schierbeck LL, Rejnmark L, Tofteng CL, Stilgren L, Eiken P, Mosekilde L, et al. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women: randomised trial. BMJ. 2012;345:e6409. Epub 2012/10/11. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e6409 bmj.e6409 [pii]. 23048011.

10. Boardman HM, Hartley L, Eisinga A, Main C, Roque i Figuls M, Bonfill Cosp X, et al. Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(3):CD002229. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002229.pub4 25754617.

11. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Henderson VW, Shoupe D, Budoff MJ, Hwang-Levine J, et al. Vascular Effects of Early versus Late Postmenopausal Treatment with Estradiol. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(13):1221–31. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1505241 27028912; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4921205.

12. Keaney JF Jr., Solomon CG. Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Atherosclerosis—Time Is of the Essence. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(13):1279–80. Epub 2016/03/31. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe1602846 27028919.

13. Rossouw JE, Prentice RL, Manson JE, Wu L, Barad D, Barnabei VM, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA. 2007;297(13):1465–77. doi: 10.1001/jama.297.13.1465 17405972.

14. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Rexrode K. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and stroke: role of time since menopause and age at initiation of hormone therapy. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(8):861–6. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.8.861 18443262; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4001717.

15. Longstreth WT, Nelson LM, Koepsell TD, van Belle G. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and hormonal factors in women. A population-based case-control study. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121(3):168–73. 8017743.

16. Pedersen AT, Lidegaard O, Kreiner S, Ottesen B. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of non-fatal stroke. Lancet. 1997;350(9087):1277–83. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)06005-4 9357407.

17. Schairer C, Adami HO, Hoover R, Persson I. Cause-specific mortality in women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Epidemiology. 1997;8(1):59–65. 9116097.

18. Paganini-Hill A. Hormone replacement therapy and stroke: risk, protection or no effect? Maturitas. 2001;38(3):243–61. 11358642.

19. Sacco RL, Kasner SE, Broderick JP, Caplan LR, Connors JJ, Culebras A, et al. An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2013;44(7):2064–89. doi: 10.1161/STR.0b013e318296aeca 23652265.

20. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ. A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Annals of internal medicine. 2000;133(12):933–41. 11119394.

21. Hendrix SL, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Johnson KC, Howard BV, Kooperberg C, Rossouw JE, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen on stroke in the Women's Health Initiative. Circulation. 2006;113(20):2425–34. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.594077 16702472.

22. Wolk A, Larsson SC, Johansson JE, Ekman P. Long-term fatty fish consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence in women. JAMA. 2006;296(11):1371–6. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.11.1371 16985229.

23. Hallmans G, Agren A, Johansson G, Johansson A, Stegmayr B, Jansson JH, et al. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study Cohort—evaluation of risk factors and their interactions. Scand J Public Health Suppl. 2003;61 : 18–24. doi: 10.1080/14034950310001432 14660243.

24. Lichtenstein P, De Faire U, Floderus B, Svartengren M, Svedberg P, Pedersen NL. The Swedish Twin Registry: a unique resource for clinical, epidemiological and genetic studies. J Intern Med. 2002;252(3):184–205. 12270000.

25. Manjer J, Carlsson S, Elmstahl S, Gullberg B, Janzon L, Lindstrom M, et al. The Malmo Diet and Cancer Study: representativity, cancer incidence and mortality in participants and non-participants. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2001;10(6):489–99. 11916347.

26. Samsioe G, Lidfeldt J, Nerbrand C, Nilsson P. The women's health in the Lund area (WHILA) study—an overview. Maturitas. 2010;65(1):37–45. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.11.009 19962255.

27. Bottai M, Zhang J. Laplace regression with censored data. Biom J. 2010;52(4):487–503. doi: 10.1002/bimj.200900310 20680972.

28. Orsini N, Wolk A, Bottai M. Evaluating percentiles of survival. Epidemiology. 2012;23(5):770–1. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182625eff 22872120.

29. Austin PC, Schull MJ. Quantile regression: a statistical tool for out-of-hospital research. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10(7):789–97. 12837655.

30. Reich BJ, Bondell HD, Wang HJ. Flexible Bayesian quantile regression for independent and clustered data. Biostatistics. 2010;11(2):337–52. doi: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxp049 19948746.

31. Frumento P, Bottai M. Parametric modeling of quantile regression coefficient functions. Biometrics. 2016;72(1):74–84. doi: 10.1111/biom.12410 26394132.

32. Bottai M, Orsini N, Geraci M. A gradient search maximization algorithm for the asymmetric Laplace likelihood. J Stat Comput Sim. 2015;85(10):1919–25. doi: 10.1080/00949655.2014.908879 WOS:000352642500001.

33. Hernan MA. The hazards of hazard ratios. Epidemiology. 2010;21(1):13–5. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181c1ea43 20010207; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3653612.

34. Bellavia A, Discacciati A, Bottai M, Wolk A, Orsini N. Using Laplace Regression to Model and Predict Percentiles of Age at Death When Age Is the Primary Time Scale. Am J Epidemiol. 2015;182(3):271–7. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv033 26093508.

35. Wassertheil-Smoller S, Hendrix SL, Limacher M, Heiss G, Kooperberg C, Baird A, et al. Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative: a randomized trial. Jama. 2003;289(20):2673–84. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.20.2673 12771114.

36. Smith NL, Blondon M, Wiggins KL, Harrington LB, van Hylckama Vlieg A, Floyd JS, et al. Lower risk of cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women taking oral estradiol compared with oral conjugated equine estrogens. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(1):25–31. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.11074 24081194; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4636198.

37. Blondon M, van Hylckama Vlieg A, Wiggins KL, Harrington LB, McKnight B, Rice KM, et al. Differential associations of oral estradiol and conjugated equine estrogen with hemostatic biomarkers. J Thromb Haemost. 2014;12(6):879–86. doi: 10.1111/jth.12560 24628832; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5371691.

38. Lisabeth L, Bushnell C. Stroke risk in women: the role of menopause and hormone therapy. The Lancet Neurology. 2012;11(1):82–91. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70269-1 22172623; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3615462.

39. Renoux C, Dell'aniello S, Garbe E, Suissa S. Transdermal and oral hormone replacement therapy and the risk of stroke: a nested case-control study. Bmj. 2010;340:c2519. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c2519 20525678.

40. Canonico M, Carcaillon L, Plu-Bureau G, Oger E, Singh-Manoux A, Tubert-Bitter P, et al. Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Stroke: Impact of the Route of Estrogen Administration and Type of Progestogen. Stroke. 2016;47(7):1734–41. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013052 27256671; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4927222.

41. Sare GM, Gray LJ, Bath PM. Association between hormone replacement therapy and subsequent arterial and venous vascular events: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(16):2031–41. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn299 18599555; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2515884.

42. Mikkola TS, Tuomikoski P, Lyytinen H, Korhonen P, Hoti F, Vattulainen P, et al. Vaginal estradiol use and the risk for cardiovascular mortality. Human reproduction. 2016;31(4):804–9. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dew014 26874358.

43. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Caplan LR, Donnan GA, Hennerici MG. Classification of stroke subtypes. Cerebrovascular diseases. 2009;27(5):493–501. doi: 10.1159/000210432 19342825.

44. Ludvigsson JF, Almqvist C, Bonamy AK, Ljung R, Michaelsson K, Neovius M, et al. Registers of the Swedish total population and their use in medical research. European journal of epidemiology. 2016;31(2):125–36. doi: 10.1007/s10654-016-0117-y 26769609.

45. Ray WA. Evaluating medication effects outside of clinical trials: new-user designs. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;158(9):915–20. 14585769.

46. Hernan MA, Sauer BC, Hernandez-Diaz S, Platt R, Shrier I. Specifying a target trial prevents immortal time bias and other self-inflicted injuries in observational analyses. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016;79 : 70–5. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.04.014 27237061; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5124536.

47. Brandt C, Beermann B, Jansson-Delslind B. Information från läkemedelsverket: Medical Products Agency in Sweden; 2001. Available from: https://lakemedelsverket.se/upload/om-lakemedelsverket/publikationer/information-fran-lakemedelsverket/Info_fr_LV_2001-5.pdf

48. Stjernquist M. Nya amerikanska rekommendationer för hormonbehandling i klimakteriet: Läkartidningen; 2003. Available from: http://ww2.lakartidningen.se/old/content_0320/pdf/1790_1797.pdf