Integration of postpartum healthcare services for HIV-infected women and their infants in South Africa: A randomised controlled trial

1. Luzuriaga K, Mofenson LM. Challenges in the elimination of pediatric HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2016; 374(8):761–70. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1505256 26933850

2. Fowler MG, Qin M, Fiscus SA, Currier JS, Flynn PM, Chipato T, et al. Benefits and risks of antiretroviral therapy for perinatal HIV prevention. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(18):1726–37. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1511691 27806243

3. World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection. 2nd edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.

4. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Get on the fast-track: the life-cycle approach to HIV. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS; 2016.

5. Huntington S, Thorne C, Newell ML, Anderson J, Taylor GP, Pillay D, et al. The risk of viral rebound in the year after delivery in women remaining on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2015;29(17):2269–78. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000826 26544700

6. Adams JW, Brady KA, Michael YL, Yehia BR, Momplaisir FM. Postpartum engagement in HIV care: an important predictor of long-term retention in care and viral suppression. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(12):1880–7. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ678 26265499

7. Nachega JB, Uthman OA, Anderson J, Peltzer K, Wampold S, Cotton MF, et al. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy during and after pregnancy in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS. 2012;26(16):2039–52. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328359590f 22951634

8. Haas AD, Tenthani L, Msukwa MT, Tal K, Jahn A, Gadabu OJ, et al. Retention in care during the first 3 years of antiretroviral therapy for women in Malawi’s option B+ programme: an observational cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2016;3(4):e175–82. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(16)00008-4 27036993

9. Henegar CE, Westreich DJ, Maskew M, Miller WC, Brookhart MA, Van Rie A. Effect of pregnancy and the postpartum period on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected women established on treatment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;68(4):477–80. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000501 25559590

10. World Health Organization. Guidelines update on HIV and infant feeding. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.

11. Geldsetzer P, Yapa HM, Vaikath M, Ogbuoji O, Fox MP, Essajee SM, et al. A systematic review of interventions to improve postpartum retention of women in PMTCT and ART care. J Int AIDS Soc. 2016;19(1):20679. doi: 10.7448/IAS.19.1.20679 27118443

12. Suthar AB, Hoos D, Beqiri A, Lorenz-Dehne K, McClure C, Duncombe C. Integrating antiretroviral therapy into antenatal care and maternal and child health settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91(1):46–56. doi: 10.2471/BLT.12.107003 23397350

13. Kiragu K, Collins L, Von Zinkernagel D, Mushavi A. Integrating PMTCT into maternal, newborn, and child health and related services: experiences from the Global Plan priority countries. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;75(Suppl 1):S36–42.

14. van Lettow M, Bedell R, Mayuni I, Mateyu G, Landes M, Chan AK, et al. Towards elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: performance of different models of care for initiating lifelong antiretroviral therapy for pregnant women in Malawi (Option B+). J Int AIDS Soc. 2014;17:18994. doi: 10.7448/IAS.17.1.18994 25079437

15. Phillips T, McNairy ML, Zerbe A, Myer L, Abrams EJ. Implementation and operational research: postpartum transfer of care among HIV-infected women initiating antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;70(3):e102–9. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000771 26470033

16. Myer L, Phillips TK, Zerbe A, Ronan A, Hsiao NY, Mellins CA, et al. Optimizing antiretroviral therapy (ART) for maternal and child health (MCH): rationale and design of the MCH-ART study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72(Suppl 2):S189–96.

17. Myer L, Phillips T, Manuelli V, McIntyre J, Bekker LG, Abrams EJ. Evolution of antiretroviral therapy services for HIV-infected pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;69(2):57–65.

18. World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.

19. Kovalchik SA, Varadhan R, Fetterman B, Poitras NE, Wacholder S, Katki HA. A general binomial regression model to estimate standardized risk differences from binary response data. Stat Med. 2013;32(5):808–21. doi: 10.1002/sim.5553 22865328

20. Van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. MICE: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. J Stat Softw. 2011;45(3):1–67.

21. Rubin DB. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1987.

22. Turan JM, Onono M, Steinfeld RL, Shade SB, Owuor K, Washington S, et al. Implementation and operational research: effects of antenatal care and HIV treatment integration on elements of the PMTCT cascade: results from the SHAIP cluster-randomized controlled trial in Kenya. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;69(5):e172–81. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000678 25967269

23. Aliyu MH, Blevins M, Audet CM, Kalish M, Gebi UI, Onwujekwe O, et al. Integrated prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission services, antiretroviral therapy initiation, and maternal and infant retention in care in rural north-central Nigeria: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet HIV. 2016;3(5):e202–11. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(16)00018-7 27126487

24. Chan AK, Kanike E, Bedell R, Mayuni I, Manyera R, Mlotha W, at al. Same day HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy initiation affects retention in Option B+ prevention of mother-to-child transmission services at antenatal care in Zomba District, Malawi. J Int AIDS Soc. 2016;19(1):20672. doi: 10.7448/IAS.19.1.20672 26976377

25. Callahan T, Modi S, Swanson J, Ng’eno B, Broyles LN. Pregnant adolescents living with HIV: what we know, what we need to know, where we need to go. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017;20(1):21858. doi: 10.7448/IAS.20.1.21858 28782334

26. Ford N, Darder M, Spelman T, Maclean E, Mills E, Boulle A. Early adherence to antiretroviral medication as a predictor of long-term HIV virological suppression: five-year follow up of an observational cohort. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(5):e10460. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010460 20485480

27. Simkhada B, Teijlingen ER, Porter M, Simkhada P. Factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care in developing countries: systematic review of the literature. J Adv Nurs. 2008;61(3):244–60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04532.x 18197860

28. Cornell M, Lessells R, Fox MP, Garone DB, Giddy J, Fenner L, et al. Mortality among adults transferred and lost to follow-up from antiretroviral therapy programmes in South Africa: a multicenter cohort study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;67(2):e67–75. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000269 24977471

29. McFadden A, Gavine A, Renfrew MJ, Wade A, Buchanan P, Taylor JL, et al. Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD001141. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001141.pub5 28244064

30. Essajee S, Bhairavabhotla R, Penazzato M, Kiragu K, Jani I, Carmona S, et al. Scale-up of early infant HIV diagnosis and improving access to pediatric HIV care in Global Plan countries: past and future perspectives. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;75(Suppl 1):S51–8.

31. Bland RM, Rollins NC, Solarsh G, Van den Broeck J, Coovadia HM, Child Health Group. Maternal recall of exclusive breastfeeding duration. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88(9):778–83. doi: 10.1136/adc.88.9.778 12937095