The Two-Phase Emergence of Non Pandemic HIV-1 Group O in Cameroon

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HIV-1 group O is one of the causal agents of AIDS, together with HIV-1 groups M (responsible for the pandemic), N and P (15 and 2 cases detected respectively, from Cameroon) and HIV-2 groups A to I (mostly found in West Africa), each group resulting from a distinct cross species transmission event from non-human primates. Even though mostly restricted to Cameroon, group O infections have been found in other African countries as well as in Europe and in the US. Due to their genetic distance from the pandemic HIV-1 group M, group O viruses still impact diagnosis, virological and therapeutic monitoring. Moreover, very few data are available on the natural history and epidemiology of these infections, as well as their genetic diversity and evolution. In particular, there is currently no explanation of the lack of spread of these variants, compared to the pandemic viruses from group M. Analysis of HIV-1 group O molecular evolution, from sequences spanning more than 2 decades, is an opportunity to better understand the phylodynamics of group O infection. We investigate it further by producing the largest set of group O sequences described. We show that the previous classifications proposed do not agree with each other and do not fit with the extensive genetic diversity of this group. We also estimate that group O MRCA existed in the 1930s (95% Higher Posterior Density: 1914–1944), and show that group O has diversified during two successive phases that could be linked to the specific historical context of Cameroon. These results contribute to a better understanding of the factors influencing HIV evolution, especially in the local context of west central Africa and lead to new hypotheses on the limited diffusion of such variants.

Vyšlo v časopise: The Two-Phase Emergence of Non Pandemic HIV-1 Group O in Cameroon. PLoS Pathog 11(8): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005029

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