Prophenoloxidase Activation Is Required for Survival to Microbial Infections in

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The melanization reaction is a major immune response in Arthropods and involves the rapid synthesis of a black pigment, melanin, at the site of infection and injury. Melanization requires the activation of proPhenoloxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of phenols to quinones, which polymerize to melanin. The Drosophila genome contains three genes encoding prophenoloxidases (PPO). In this paper, we have generated flies carrying deletions in the PPO1 and PPO2 genes. By analyzing these mutations alone and in combination, we clarify the functions of both prophenoloxidases in humoral melanization. We report that PPO2 composes most of the crystals found in crystal cells, a specific hemocyte cell type. Although PPO1 and PPO2 both contribute to phenoloxidase activity in the insect blood, these PPOs are not fully redundant. Our study shows that PPO1 is involved in the rapid delivery of phenoloxidase activity when required, while PPO2 provides a storage form that can be deployed in a second phase. Some controversy exists in the Drosophila field about the importance of melanization in the Drosophila host defense. Our study demonstrates the important role of PPO1 and PPO2 in the survival to infection with both Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, underlining the importance of melanization in insect immunity.

Vyšlo v časopise: Prophenoloxidase Activation Is Required for Survival to Microbial Infections in. PLoS Pathog 10(5): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004067
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004067

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