Ebolavirus Evolution: Past and Present
The past year has marked the most devastating Ebola outbreak the world has ever witnessed, with over 28,000 cases and over 11,000 deaths. Ebola virus (EBOV) has now been around for almost 50 years. In this review, we discuss past and present outbreaks of EBOV and how those variants evolved over time. We explore and discuss selective pressures that drive the evolution of different Ebola variants, and how they may modify the efficacy of therapeutic treatments and vaccines currently being developed. Finally, given the unprecedented size and spread of the outbreak, as well as the extended period of replication in human hosts, specific attention is given to the 2014–2015 West African outbreak variant (Makona).
Vyšlo v časopise:
Ebolavirus Evolution: Past and Present. PLoS Pathog 11(11): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005221
Kategorie:
Review
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005221
Souhrn
The past year has marked the most devastating Ebola outbreak the world has ever witnessed, with over 28,000 cases and over 11,000 deaths. Ebola virus (EBOV) has now been around for almost 50 years. In this review, we discuss past and present outbreaks of EBOV and how those variants evolved over time. We explore and discuss selective pressures that drive the evolution of different Ebola variants, and how they may modify the efficacy of therapeutic treatments and vaccines currently being developed. Finally, given the unprecedented size and spread of the outbreak, as well as the extended period of replication in human hosts, specific attention is given to the 2014–2015 West African outbreak variant (Makona).
Zdroje
1. Slenczka W, Klenk HD (2007) Forty years of marburg virus. J Infect Dis 196 Suppl: S131–S135.
2. WHO (1978) Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Sudan, 1976. Bull World Health Organ. 56(2):247–70. 307455
3. WHO (1978) Ebola heamorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976. Bull World Health Organ. 56(2): 271–293. 307456
4. Qiu X, Wong G, Audet J, Bello A, Fernando L, et al. (2014) Reversion of advanced Ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates with ZMapp. Nature 514(7520):47–53. doi: 10.1038/nature13777 25171469
5. Wong G, Kobinger GP (2015) Backs against the Wall: Novel and Existing Strategies Used during the 2014–2015 Ebola Virus Outbreak. Clin Microbiol Rev 28: 593–601. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00014-15 25972518
6. Henao-Restrepo AM, Longini IM, Egger M, Dean NE, Edmunds WJ, et al. (2015) Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine expressing Ebola surface glycoprotein: interim results from the Guinea ring vaccination cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 386: 857–866. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61117-5 26248676
7. Formenty P, Libama F, Epelboin A, Allarangar Y, Leroy EM, et al. (2003) Outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in the Republic of the Congo, 2003: a new strategy? Médecine Trop 63: 291–295.
8. Georges a J, Leroy EM, Renaut a a, Benissan CT, Nabias RJ, et al. (1999) Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon, 1994–1997: epidemiologic and health control issues. J Infect Dis 179 Suppl: S65–S75.
9. Heymann DL, Weisfeld JS, Webb PA (1980) Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: Tandala, Zaire, 1977–1978. J Infect Dis 142: 1977–1978.
10. Khan a S, Tshioko FK, Heymann DL, Le Guenno B, Nabeth P, et al. (1999) The reemergence of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Commission de Lutte contre les Epidémies à Kikwit. J Infect Dis 179 Suppl: S76–S86.
11. MakwKaput V (2007) Déclaration fin d’épidémie de FHV à virus Ebola dans les zones de santé de Mweka, Bulape et Luebo, province du Kasai occidental, RD Congo. Memorandum.
12. WHO (2003) Outbreak(s) of Ebola haemorrhagic fever, Congo and Gabon, October 2001-July 2002. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 26: 223–228.
13. WHO (2004) Ebola haemorrhagic fever in the Republic of the Congo—update 6. Dis Outbreak News.
14. WHO (2009) End of Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Dis Outbreak News.
15. Albariño CG, Shoemaker T, Khristova ML, Wamala JF, Muyembe JJ, et al. (2013) Genomic analysis of filoviruses associated with four viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2012. Virology 442: 97–100. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.04.014 23711383
16. MacNeil A, Shoemaker T, Balinandi S, Campbell S, Wamala JF, et al. (2012) Reemerging Sudan Ebola virus disease in Uganda, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 1480–1483. doi: 10.3201/eid1809.111536 22931687
17. WHO (2005) Outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Yambio, south Sudan, April—June 2004. Wkly Epidemiol Rec: 369–376.
18. Okware SI, Omaswa FG, Zaramba S, Opio A, Lutwama JJ, et al. (2002) An outbreak of Ebola in Uganda. Trop Med Int Heal 7: 1068–1075.
19. Baron RC, McCormick JB, Zubeir OA (1983) Ebola virus disease in southern Sudan: hospital dissemination and intrafamilial spread. Bull World Health Organ 61(6):997–1003. 6370486
20. Le Guenno B, Formenty P, Wyers M, Gounon P, Walker F, et al. (1995) Isolation and partial characterisation of a new strain of Ebola virus. Lancet 345: 1271–1274. 7746057
21. MacNeil A, Farnon EC, Morgan OW, Gould P, Boehmer TK, et al. (2011) Filovirus outbreak detection and surveillance: Lessons from bundibugyo. J Infect Dis 204: 761–767.
22. Barrette RW, Metwally SA, Rowland JM, Xu L, Zaki SR, et al. (2008) Discovery of Swine as a Host for the Reston ebolavirus. Science (80-) 155: 5–7.
23. Hayes CG, Burans JP, Ksiazek TG, Del Rosario R a., Miranda MEG, et al. (1992) Outbreak of fatal illness among captive macaques in the Philippines caused by an ebola-related filovirus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46: 664–671. 1621890
24. Jahrling PB, Geisbert TW, Dalgard DW, Johnson ED, Ksiazek TG, et al. (1990) Preliminary report: isolation of Ebola virus from monkeys imported to USA. Lancet 335: 502–505. 1968529
25. Miranda MEG, White ME, Dayrit MM, Hayes CG, Ksiazek TG, et al. (1991)Seroepidemiological study of filovirus related to Ebola in the Philippines: 1985. Lancet 337(8738):425–6. 1671441
26. Miranda ME, Ksiazek TG, Retuya TJ, Khan a S, Sanchez a, et al. (1999) Epidemiology of Ebola (subtype Reston) virus in the Philippines, 1996. J Infect Dis 179 Suppl: S115–S119.
27. Center for Disease Control (1990) Filovirus infection in animal handlers. Morb Mortal Wkly 39: 221.
28. WHO (1992) Viral haemorrhagic fever in imported monkeys. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 24: 183.
29. WHO (2009) Ebola Reston in pigs and humans, Philippines. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 84: 49–50. 19219963
30. Marsh G a, Haining J, Robinson R, Foord A, Yamada M, et al. (2011) Ebola Reston virus infection of pigs: clinical significance and transmission potential. J Infect Dis 204 Suppl: S804–S809.
31. Pan Y, Zhang W, Cui L, Hua X, Wang M, et al. (2014) Reston virus in domestic pigs in China. Arch Virol 159: 1129–1132. doi: 10.1007/s00705-012-1477-6 22996641
32. Baize S, Pannetier D, Oestereich L, Rieger T, Koivogui L, et al. (2014) Emergence of Zaire Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea—Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med 371(15):1418–25 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1404505 24738640
33. De La Vega M-A, Wong G, Kobinger GP, Qiu X (2014) The Multiple Roles of sGP in Ebola Pathogenesis. Viral Immunol 28: 1–7.
34. Ebihara H, Takada A, Kobasa D, Jones S, Neumann G, et al. (2006) Molecular determinants of Ebola virus virulence in mice. PLoS Pathog 2: 0705–0711.
35. Escudero-Pérez B, Volchkova V a, Dolnik O, Lawrence P, Volchkov VE (2014) Shed GP of Ebola Virus Triggers Immune Activation and Increased Vascular Permeability. PLoS Pathog 10: e1004509. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004509 25412102
36. García-Dorival I, Wu W, Dowall S, Armstrong S, Touzelet O, et al. (2014) Elucidation of the Ebola virus VP24 cellular interactome and disruption of virus biology through targeted inhibition of host cell protein function. J Proteome Res 13(11): 5120–35. doi: 10.1021/pr500556d 25158218
37. Liang H, Zhou Z, Zhang S, Zen K, Chen X, et al. (2014) Identification of Ebola virus microRNAs and their putative pathological function. Sci China Life Sci 57: 973–981. doi: 10.1007/s11427-014-4759-2 25266153
38. Luthra P, Ramanan P, Mire CE, Weisend C, Tsuda Y, et al. (2013) Mutual antagonism between the Ebola virus VP35 protein and the RIG-I activator PACT determines infection outcome. Cell Host Microbe 14: 74–84. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.06.010 23870315
39. Xu W, Edwards MR, Borek DM, Feagins AR, Mittal A, et al. (2014) Ebola Virus VP24 Targets a Unique NLS Binding Site on Karyopherin Alpha 5 to Selectively Compete with Nuclear Import of Phosphorylated STAT1. Cell Host Microbe 16: 187–200. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.07.008 25121748
40. Yen B, Mulder LC, Martinez O, Basler CF (2014) Molecular Basis for Ebola Virus VP35 Suppression of Human Dendritic Cell Maturation. J Virol 88(21):12500–10. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02163-14 25142601
41. Yang ZY, Duckers HJ, Sullivan NJ, Sanchez A, Nabel EG, et al. (2000) Identification of the Ebola virus glycoprotein as the main viral determinant of vascular cell cytotoxicity and injury. Nat Med 6: 886–889. 10932225
42. Chan S, Ma M, Goldsmith M (2000) Differential induction of cellular detachment by envelope glycoproteins of Marburg and Ebola (Zaire) viruses. J Gen Virol 81: 2155–2159. 10950971
43. Takada a, Watanabe S, Ito H, Okazaki K, Kida H, et al. (2000) Downregulation of beta1 integrins by Ebola virus glycoprotein: implication for virus entry. Virology 278: 20–26. 11112476
44. Morikawa S, Saijo M, Kurane I (2007) Current knowledge on lower virulence of Reston Ebola virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 30: 391–398. 17610952
45. Basler CF, Amarasinghe GK (2009) Evasion of interferon responses by Ebola and Marburg viruses. J Interf cytokine Res 29: 511–520.
46. Sanchez a, Trappier SG, Mahy BW, Peters CJ, Nichol ST (1996) The virion glycoproteins of Ebola viruses are encoded in two reading frames and are expressed through transcriptional editing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93: 3602–3607. 8622982
47. Sanchez A, Rollin PE (2005) Complete genome sequence of an Ebola virus (Sudan species) responsible for a 2000 outbreak of human disease in Uganda. Virus Res 113: 16–25. 16139097
48. Li YH, Chen SP (2014) Evolutionary history of Ebola virus. Epidemiol Infect 142: 1138–1145. doi: 10.1017/S0950268813002215 24040779
49. Walsh PD, Biek R, Real L a (2005) Wave-like spread of Ebola Zaire. PLoS Biol 3: e371. 16231972
50. Biek R, Walsh PD, Leroy EM, Real L a (2006) Recent common ancestry of Ebola Zaire virus found in a bat reservoir. PLoS Pathog 2: e90. 17069458
51. Carroll S a, Towner JS, Sealy TK, McMullan LK, Khristova ML, et al. (2013) Molecular evolution of viruses of the family Filoviridae based on 97 whole-genome sequences. J Virol 87: 2608–2616. doi: 10.1128/JVI.03118-12 23255795
52. Rodriguez LL, De Roo a, Guimard Y, Trappier SG, Sanchez a, et al. (1999) Persistence and genetic stability of Ebola virus during the outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. J Infect Dis 179 Suppl: S170–S176.
53. Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Kipasa M, Kiyungu C, Colebunders R (1999) Ebola outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: discovery and control measures. J Infect Dis 179 Suppl: S259–S262.
54. Dudas G, Rambaut A (2014) Phylogenetic Analysis of Guinea 2014 EBOV Ebolavirus Outbreak. PLoS Curr 6: 1–11.
55. Gire SK, Goba A, Andersen KG, Sealfon RSG, Park DJ, et al. (2014) Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak. Science (80-) 345: 1369–1372.
56. Hoenen T, Safronetz D, Groseth A, Wollenberg KR, Koita A, et al. (2015) Mutation rate and genotype variation of Ebola virus from Mali case sequences. Science (80-) 348: 117–119.
57. Pybus OG (2006) Model selection and the molecular clock. PLoS Biol 4: 686–688.
58. Tong Y-G, Shi W-F, Di Liu, Qian J, Liang L, et al. (2015) Genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of Ebola virus in Sierra Leone. Nature. 524(7563):93–6. doi: 10.1038/nature14490 25970247
59. Azarian T, Lo Presti A, Giovanetti M, Cella E, Rife B, et al. (2015) Impact of spatial dispersion, evolution, and selection on Ebola Zaire Virus epidemic waves. Sci Rep 5: 10170. doi: 10.1038/srep10170 25973685
60. Pourrut X, Souris M, Towner JS, Rollin PE, Nichol ST, et al. (2009) Large serological survey showing cocirculation of Ebola and Marburg viruses in Gabonese bat populations, and a high seroprevalence of both viruses in Rousettus aegyptiacus. BMC Infect Dis 9: 159. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-159 19785757
61. Leroy EM, Kumulungui B, Pourrut X, Rouquet P, Hassanin A, et al. (2005) Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus. Nature 438: 575–576. 16319873
62. Olival K, Islam A, Yu M (2013) Ebola virus antibodies in fruit bats, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 270–273. doi: 10.3201/eid1902.120524 23343532
63. Towner JS, Amman BR, Sealy TK, Carroll S a R, Comer J a, et al. (2009) Isolation of genetically diverse Marburg viruses from Egyptian fruit bats. PLoS Pathog 5: e1000536. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000536 19649327
64. Suzuki Y, Gojobori T (1997) The origin and evolution of Ebola and Marburg viruses. Mol Biol Evol: 800–806. 9254917
65. Hurst LD (2002) The Ka/Ks ratio: diagnosing the form of sequence evolution. Trends Genet 18: 486–487. 12175810
66. Yang Z, Bielawski JP (2000) Statistical methods for detecting molecular adaptation. Trends Ecol Evol 15: 496–503. 11114436
67. Lee J, Saphire E (2009) Ebolavirus glycoprotein structure and mechanism of entry. Future Virol 4: 621–635. 20198110
68. Feldmann H, Volchkov VE, Volchkova V a, Ströher U, Klenk HD (2001) Biosynthesis and role of filoviral glycoproteins. J Gen Virol 82: 2839–2848. 11714958
69. Leroy EM, Epelboin A, Mondonge V, Pourrut X, Gonzalez J-P, et al. (2009) Human Ebola outbreak resulting from direct exposure to fruit bats in Luebo, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2007. Vector borne zoonotic Dis 9: 723–728. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0167 19323614
70. Kugelman JR, Sanchez-lockhart M, Andersen KG, Gire S, Park DJ, et al. (2015) Evaluation of the Potential Impact of Ebola Virus Genomic Drift on the Efficacy of Sequence-Based Candidate Therapeutics. MBio 6: 2013–2016.
71. Qiu X, Audet J, Wong G, Pillet S, Bello A, et al. (2012) Successful treatment of ebola virus-infected cynomolgus macaques with monoclonal antibodies. Sci Transl Med 4: 138ra81. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003876 22700957
72. Audet J, Wong G, Wang H, Lu G, Gao GF, et al. (2014) Molecular Characterization of the Monoclonal Antibodies Composing ZMAb: A Protective Cocktail Against Ebola Virus. Sci Rep 4: 1–8.
73. Negredo A, Palacios G, Vázquez-Morón S, González F, Dopazo H, et al. (2011) Discovery of an ebolavirus-like filovirus in europe. PLoS Pathog 7: e1002304. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002304 22039362
Štítky
Hygiena a epidemiológia Infekčné lekárstvo LaboratóriumČlánok vyšiel v časopise
PLOS Pathogens
2015 Číslo 11
- Parazitičtí červi v terapii Crohnovy choroby a dalších zánětlivých autoimunitních onemocnění
- Očkování proti virové hemoragické horečce Ebola experimentální vakcínou rVSVDG-ZEBOV-GP
- Koronavirus hýbe světem: Víte jak se chránit a jak postupovat v případě podezření?
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Dengue Virus Non-structural Protein 1 Modulates Infectious Particle Production via Interaction with the Structural Proteins
- On the Discovery of TOR As the Target of Rapamycin
- Parasite Glycobiology: A Bittersweet Symphony
- Lactate Dehydrogenase Is Associated with the Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane and Is a Potential Target for Developing Therapeutics