Ancestral Chromatin Configuration Constrains Chromatin Evolution on Differentiating Sex Chromosomes in

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DNA is packaged with proteins into two general types of chromatin:
the transcriptionally active euchromatin and repressive heterochromatin. Sex chromosomes typically evolve from a pair of euchromatic autosomes. The Y chromosome of Drosophila is gene poor and almost entirely heterochromatic; the X chromosome, in contrast, has evolved a hyperactive euchromatin structure and globally up-regulates its gene expression, to compensate for loss of activity from the homologous genes on the Y chromosome. The evolutionary trajectory along which sex chromosomes evolve such opposite types of chromatin configurations remains unclear, as most sex chromosomes are ancient and no longer contain signatures of their transitions. Here we investigate a pair of unusual young sex chromosomes (termed ‘neo-Y’ and ‘neo-X’ chromosomes) in D. busckii, which formed through fusions of a largely heterochromatic autosome (the ‘dot chromosome’) to the ancestral sex chromosomes. We show that nearly 60% of the neo-Y genes have already become non-functional within only 1 million years of evolution. Gene expression is lower on the neo-Y than on the neo-X, which is associated with a higher level of binding of a silencing heterochromatin mark. The neo-X, on the other hand, shows no evidence of evolving hyperactive chromatin for dosage compensation. Our results show that the Y chromosome can degenerate quickly, but the tempo and mode of chromatin evolution on the sex chromosomes may be constrained by the ancestral chromatin configuration.

Vyšlo v časopise: Ancestral Chromatin Configuration Constrains Chromatin Evolution on Differentiating Sex Chromosomes in. PLoS Genet 11(6): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005331
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005331

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