Plastic Proteins and Monkey Blocks: How Lentiviruses Evolved to Replicate in the Presence of Primate Restriction Factors

1. LaguetteN, SobhianB, CasartelliN, RingeardM, Chable-BessiaC, et al. (2011) SAMHD1 is the dendritic -⁠ and myeloid-cell-specific HIV-1 restriction factor counteracted by Vpx. Nature 474 : 654–657.

2. HreckaK, HaoC, GierszewskaM, SwansonSK, Kesik-BrodackaM, et al. (2011) Vpx relieves inhibition of HIV-1 infection of macrophages mediated by the SAMHD1 protein. Nature 474 : 658–661.

3. NeilSJ, ZangT, BieniaszPD (2008) Tetherin inhibits retrovirus release and is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu. Nature 451 : 425–430.

4. Van DammeN, GoffD, KatsuraC, JorgensonRL, MitchellR, et al. (2008) The interferon-induced protein BST-2 restricts HIV-1 release and is downregulated from the cell surface by the viral Vpu protein. Cell Host Microbe 3 : 245–252.

5. SheehyAM, GaddisNC, ChoiJD, MalimMH (2002) Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein. Nature 418 : 646–650.

6. StremlauM, OwensCM, PerronMJ, KiesslingM, AutissierP, et al. (2004) The cytoplasmic body component TRIM5alpha restricts HIV-1 infection in Old World monkeys. Nature 427 : 848–853.

7. SharpPM, HahnBH (2011) Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 1: a006841.

8. ApetreiC, KaurA, LercheNW, MetzgerM, PandreaI, et al. (2005) Molecular epidemiology of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsm in U.S. primate centers unravels the origin of SIVmac and SIVstm. J Virol 79 : 8991–9005.

9. DesrosiersRC, LifsonJD, GibbsJS, CzajakSC, HoweAY, et al. (1998) Identification of highly attenuated mutants of simian immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 72 : 1431–1437.

10. GrutterMG, LubanJ (2012) TRIM5 structure, HIV-1 capsid recognition, and innate immune signaling. Curr Opin Virol 2 : 142–150.

11. MalimMH, BieniaszPD (2012) HIV Restriction Factors and Mechanisms of Evasion. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2: a006940.

12. Ganser-PornillosBK, ChandrasekaranV, PornillosO, SodroskiJG, SundquistWI, et al. (2011) Hexagonal assembly of a restricting TRIM5alpha protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 : 534–539.

13. KirmaierA, WuF, NewmanRM, HallLR, MorganJS, et al. (2010) TRIM5 suppresses cross-species transmission of a primate immunodeficiency virus and selects for emergence of resistant variants in the new species. PLoS Biol 8: e1000462.

14. McCarthyKR, SchmidtAG, KirmaierA, WyandAL, NewmanRM, et al. (2013) Gain-of-sensitivity mutations in a Trim5-resistant primary isolate of pathogenic SIV identify two independent conserved determinants of Trim5alpha specificity. PLoS Pathog 9: e1003352.

15. HarrisRS, HultquistJF, EvansDT (2012) The restriction factors of human immunodeficiency virus. J Biol Chem 287 : 40875–40883.

16. GoldstoneDC, Ennis-AdeniranV, HeddenJJ, GroomHC, RiceGI, et al. (2011) HIV-1 restriction factor SAMHD1 is a deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase. Nature 480 : 379–382.

17. LahouassaH, DaddachaW, HofmannH, AyindeD, LogueEC, et al. (2012) SAMHD1 restricts the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by depleting the intracellular pool of deoxynucleoside triphosphates. Nat Immunol 13 : 223–228.

18. HollenbaughJA, GeeP, BakerJ, DalyMB, AmieSM, et al. (2013) Host factor SAMHD1 restricts DNA viruses in non-dividing myeloid cells. PLoS Pathog 9: e1003481.

19. JohnsonWE (2013) Rapid adversarial co-evolution of viruses and cellular restriction factors. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 371 : 123–151.

20. LimES, FregosoOI, McCoyCO, MatsenFA, MalikHS, et al. (2012) The ability of primate lentiviruses to degrade the monocyte restriction factor SAMHD1 preceded the birth of the viral accessory protein Vpx. Cell Host Microbe 11 : 194–204.

21. JiaB, Serra-MorenoR, NeidermyerW, RahmbergA, MackeyJ, et al. (2009) Species-specific activity of SIV Nef and HIV-1 Vpu in overcoming restriction by tetherin/BST2. PLoS Pathog 5: e1000429.

22. ZhangF, WilsonSJ, LandfordWC, VirgenB, GregoryD, et al. (2009) Nef proteins from simian immunodeficiency viruses are tetherin antagonists. Cell Host Microbe 6 : 54–67.

23. Le TortorecA, NeilSJ (2009) Antagonism to and intracellular sequestration of human tetherin by the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope glycoprotein. J Virol 83 : 11966–11978.

24. Serra-MorenoR, JiaB, BreedM, AlvarezX, EvansDT (2011) Compensatory changes in the cytoplasmic tail of gp41 confer resistance to tetherin/BST-2 in a pathogenic nef-deleted SIV. Cell Host Microbe 9 : 46–57.

25. KruppA, McCarthyKR, OomsM, LetkoM, MorganJS, et al. (2013) APOBEC3G polymorphism as a selective barrier to cross-species transmission and emergence of pathogenic SIV and AIDS in a primate host. PLoS Pathog 9: e1003641.

26. WuF, KirmaierA, GoekenR, OurmanovI, HallL, et al. (2013) TRIM5 alpha drives SIVsmm evolution in rhesus macaques. PLoS Pathog 9: e1003577.

27. MeyersonNR, SawyerSL (2011) Two-stepping through time: mammals and viruses. Trends Microbiol 19 : 286–294.

28. EmermanM, MalikHS (2010) Paleovirology—modern consequences of ancient viruses. PLoS Biol 8: e1000301.

29. ComptonAA, EmermanM (2013) Convergence and Divergence in the Evolution of the APOBEC3G-Vif Interaction Reveal Ancient Origins of Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses. PLoS Pathog 9: e1003135.

30. LiM, KaoE, GaoX, SandigH, LimmerK, et al. (2012) Codon-usage-based inhibition of HIV protein synthesis by human schlafen 11. Nature 491 : 125–128.

31. GoujonC, MoncorgeO, BaubyH, DoyleT, WardCC, et al. (2013) Human MX2 is an interferon-induced post-entry inhibitor of HIV-1 infection. Nature 502 : 559–562.

32. KaneM, YadavSS, BitzegeioJ, KutluaySB, ZangT, et al. (2013) MX2 is an interferon-induced inhibitor of HIV-1 infection. Nature 502 : 563–566.

33. LiuZ, PanQ, DingS, QianJ, XuF, et al. (2013) The interferon-inducible MxB protein inhibits HIV-1 infection. Cell Host Microbe 14 : 398–410.