#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Rice a Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase-Like Gene Family Member, Is Required for NH1-Mediated Immunity to pv.


Rice NH1 (NPR1 homolog 1) is a key mediator of innate immunity. In both plants and animals, the innate immune response is often accompanied by rapid cell death at the site of pathogen infection. Over-expression of NH1 in rice results in resistance to the bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), constitutive expression of defense related genes and enhanced benzothiadiazole (BTH)- mediated cell death. Here we describe a forward genetic screen that identified a suppressor of NH1-mediated lesion formation and resistance, snl6. Comparative genome hybridization and fine mapping rapidly identified the genomic location of the Snl6 gene. Snl6 is a member of the cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR)-like gene family. We show that Snl6 is required for NH1-mediated resistance to Xoo. Further, we show that Snl6 is required for pathogenesis-related gene expression. In contrast to previously described CCR family members, disruption of Snl6 does not result in an obvious morphologic phenotype. Snl6 mutants have reduced lignin content and increased sugar extractability, an important trait for the production of cellulosic biofuels. These results suggest the existence of a conserved group of CCR-like genes involved in the defense response, and with the potential to alter lignin content without affecting development.


Vyšlo v časopise: Rice a Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase-Like Gene Family Member, Is Required for NH1-Mediated Immunity to pv.. PLoS Genet 6(9): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001123
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001123

Souhrn

Rice NH1 (NPR1 homolog 1) is a key mediator of innate immunity. In both plants and animals, the innate immune response is often accompanied by rapid cell death at the site of pathogen infection. Over-expression of NH1 in rice results in resistance to the bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), constitutive expression of defense related genes and enhanced benzothiadiazole (BTH)- mediated cell death. Here we describe a forward genetic screen that identified a suppressor of NH1-mediated lesion formation and resistance, snl6. Comparative genome hybridization and fine mapping rapidly identified the genomic location of the Snl6 gene. Snl6 is a member of the cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR)-like gene family. We show that Snl6 is required for NH1-mediated resistance to Xoo. Further, we show that Snl6 is required for pathogenesis-related gene expression. In contrast to previously described CCR family members, disruption of Snl6 does not result in an obvious morphologic phenotype. Snl6 mutants have reduced lignin content and increased sugar extractability, an important trait for the production of cellulosic biofuels. These results suggest the existence of a conserved group of CCR-like genes involved in the defense response, and with the potential to alter lignin content without affecting development.


Zdroje

1. PanstrugaR

ParkerJE

Schulze-LefertP

2009 SnapShot: Plant immune response pathways. Cell 136 978e971 973

2. ClayNK

AdioAM

DenouxC

JanderG

AusubelFM

2009 Glucosinolate metabolites required for an Arabidopsis innate immune response. Science 323 95 101

3. CohnJ

SessaG

MartinGB

2001 Innate immunity in plants. Curr Opin Immunol 13 55 62

4. QuentinM

AllasiaV

PegardA

AllaisF

DucrotPH

2009 Imbalanced lignin biosynthesis promotes the sexual reproduction of homothallic oomycete pathogens. PLoS Pathog 5 e1000264

5. NurnbergerT

LipkaV

2005 Non-host resistance in plants: new insights into an old phenomenon. Molecular Plant Pathology 6 335 345

6. JonesJD

DanglJL

2006 The plant immune system. Nature 444 323 329

7. MendenB

KohlhoffM

MoerschbacherBM

2007 Wheat cells accumulate a syringyl-rich lignin during the hypersensitive resistance response. Phytochemistry 68 513 520

8. WuG

ShorttBJ

LawrenceEB

LeonJ

FitzsimmonsKC

1997 Activation of Host Defense Mechanisms by Elevated Production of H2O2 in Transgenic Plants. Plant Physiol 115 427 435

9. CaoH

BowlingSA

GordonAS

DongX

1994 Characterization of an Arabidopsis Mutant That Is Nonresponsive to Inducers of Systemic Acquired Resistance. Plant Cell 6 1583 1592

10. CaoH

GlazebrookJ

ClarkeJD

VolkoS

DongX

1997 The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene that controls systemic acquired resistance encodes a novel protein containing ankyrin repeats. Cell 88 57 63

11. DongX

2004 NPR1, all things considered. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7 547 552

12. FanW

DongX

2002 In vivo interaction between NPR1 and transcription factor TGA2 leads to salicylic acid-mediated gene activation in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14 1377 1389

13. RairdanGJ

DelaneyTP

2002 Role of Salicylic Acid and NIM1/NPR1 in Race-Specific Resistance in Arabidopsis. Genetics 161 803 811

14. ChernM

FitzgeraldHA

CanlasPE

NavarreDA

RonaldPC

2005 Overexpression of a rice NPR1 homolog leads to constitutive activation of defense response and hypersensitivity to light. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 18 511 520

15. WuC

BordeosA

MadambaMR

BaraoidanM

RamosM

2008 Rice lesion mimic mutants with enhanced resistance to diseases. Mol Genet Genomics 279 605 619

16. LorrainS

VailleauF

BalagueC

RobyD

2003 Lesion mimic mutants: keys for deciphering cell death and defense pathways in plants? Trends Plant Sci 8 263 271

17. RostoksN

BorevitzJO

HedleyPE

RussellJ

MudieS

2005 Single-feature polymorphism discovery in the barley transcriptome. Genome Biol 6 R54

18. MocklerTC

ChanS

SundaresanA

ChenH

JacobsenSE

2005 Applications of DNA tiling arrays for whole-genome analysis. Genomics 85 1 15

19. KumarR

QiuJ

JoshiT

ValliyodanB

XuD

2007 Single feature polymorphism discovery in rice. PLoS One 2 e284

20. GongJM

WanerDA

HorieT

LiSL

HorieR

2004 Microarray-based rapid cloning of an ion accumulation deletion mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 15404 15409

21. HazenSP

BorevitzJO

HarmonFG

Pruneda-PazJL

SchultzTF

2005 Rapid array mapping of circadian clock and developmental mutations in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 138 990 997

22. BruceM

HessA

BaiJ

MauleonR

DiazMG

2009 Detection of genomic deletions in rice using oligonucleotide microarrays. BMC Genomics 10 129

23. BorevitzJO

LiangD

PlouffeD

ChangHS

ZhuT

2003 Large-scale identification of single-feature polymorphisms in complex genomes. Genome Res 13 513 523

24. SungDY

KimTH

KomivesEA

Mendoza-CozatlDG

SchroederJI

2009 ARS5 is a component of the 26S proteasome complex, and negatively regulates thiol biosynthesis and arsenic tolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant J 59 802 813

25. SongWY

WangGL

ChenLL

KimHS

PiLY

1995 A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene, Xa21. Science 270 1804 1806

26. LeeSW

HanSW

SririyanumM

ParkCJ

SeoYS

2009 A type I-secreted, sulfated peptide triggers XA21-mediated innate immunity. Science 326 850 853

27. FitzgeraldHA

ChernMS

NavarreR

RonaldPC

2004 Overexpression of (At)NPR1 in rice leads to a BTH- and environment-induced lesion-mimic/cell death phenotype. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 17 140 151

28. XuK

XuX

FukaoT

CanlasP

Maghirang-RodriguezR

2006 Sub1A is an ethylene-response-factor-like gene that confers submergence tolerance to rice. Nature 442 705 708

29. BignellGR

HuangJ

GreshockJ

WattS

ButlerA

2004 High-resolution analysis of DNA copy number using oligonucleotide microarrays. Genome Res 14 287 295

30. NgoDM

WilsonJW

FogartyTN

BuckWW

1991 A nuclear fragmentation energy deposition model. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 38 1 8

31. KawasakiT

KoitaH

NakatsuboT

HasegawaK

WakabayashiK

2006 Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis, is an effector of small GTPase Rac in defense signaling in rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103 230 235

32. LauvergeatV

LacommeC

LacombeE

LasserreE

RobyD

2001 Two cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) genes from Arabidopsis thaliana are differentially expressed during development and in response to infection with pathogenic bacteria. Phytochemistry 57 1187 1195

33. KolesnikT

SzeverenyiI

BachmannD

KumarCS

JiangS

2004 Establishing an efficient Ac/Ds tagging system in rice: Large-scale analysis of Ds flanking sequences. Plant Journal 37 301 314

34. LepleJC

DauweR

MorreelK

StormeV

LapierreC

2007 Downregulation of cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase in poplar: multiple-level phenotyping reveals effects on cell wall polymer metabolism and structure. Plant Cell 19 3669 3691

35. Escamilla-TrevinoLL

ShenH

UppalapatiSR

RayT

TangY

2009 Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) possesses a divergent family of cinnamoyl CoA reductases with distinct biochemical properties. New Phytol

36. ChernM

CanlasPE

FitzgeraldHA

RonaldPC

2005 Rice NRR, a negative regulator of disease resistance, interacts with Arabidopsis NPR1 and rice NH1. Plant J 43 623 635

37. ParkCJ

BartR

ChernM

CanlasPE

BaiW

2010 Overexpression of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP3 regulates XA21-mediated innate immunity in rice. PLoS One 5 e9262

38. ZipfelC

RobatzekS

NavarroL

OakeleyEJ

JonesJDG

2004 Bacterial disease resistance in Arabidopsis through flagellin perception. Nature 428 764 767

39. JacksonLA

ShadleGL

ZhouR

NakashimaJ

ChenF

2008 Improving Saccharification Efficiency of Alfalfa Stems Through Modification of the Terminal Stages of Monolignol BIosynthesis. Bioenergy Research 1 180 192

40. JonesL

EnnosAR

TurnerSR

2001 Cloning and characterization of irregular xylem4 (irx4): a severely lignin-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis. Plant J 26 205 216

41. Mir DerikvandM

SierraJB

RuelK

PolletB

DoCT

2008 Redirection of the phenylpropanoid pathway to feruloyl malate in Arabidopsis mutants deficient for cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1. Planta 227 943 956

42. RuelK

Berrio-SierraJ

DerikvandMM

PolletB

TheveninJ

2009 Impact of CCR1 silencing on the assembly of lignified secondary walls in Arabidopsis thaliana. New Phytol 184 99 113

43. ChenF

DixonRA

2007 Lignin modification improves fermentable sugar yields for biofuel production. Nat Biotechnol 25 759 761

44. LiX

ZhangY

ClarkeJD

LiY

DongX

1999 Identification and cloning of a negative regulator of systemic acquired resistance, SNI1, through a screen for suppressors of npr1-1. Cell 98 329 339

45. PengY

BartleyLE

ChenX

DardickC

ChernM

2008 OsWRKY62 is a Negative Regulator of Basal and Xa21-Mediated Defense against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Rice. Molecular Plant 1 446 458

46. ParkCJ

PengY

ChenX

DardickC

RuanD

2008 Rice XB15, a protein phosphatase 2C, negatively regulates cell death and XA21-mediated innate immunity. PLoS Biol 6 e231

47. LacombeE

HawkinsS

Van DoorsselaereJ

PiquemalJ

GoffnerD

1997 Cinnamoyl CoA reductase, the first committed enzyme of the lignin branch biosynthetic pathway: cloning, expression and phylogenetic relationships. Plant J 11 429 441

48. RalphJ

HatfieldRD

PiquemalJ

YahiaouiN

PeanM

1998 NMR characterization of altered lignins extracted from tobacco plants down-regulated for lignification enzymes cinnamylalcohol dehydrogenase and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95 12803 12808

49. ChabannesM

BarakateA

LapierreC

MaritaJM

RalphJ

2001 Strong decrease in lignin content without significant alteration of plant development is induced by simultaneous down-regulation of cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) in tobacco plants. Plant J 28 257 270

50. GoujonT

FerretV

MilaI

PolletB

RuelK

2003 Down-regulation of the AtCCR1 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana: effects on phenotype, lignins and cell wall degradability. Planta 217 218 228

Štítky
Genetika Reprodukčná medicína

Článok vyšiel v časopise

PLOS Genetics


2010 Číslo 9
Najčítanejšie tento týždeň
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvýšte si kvalifikáciu online z pohodlia domova

Aktuální možnosti diagnostiky a léčby litiáz
nový kurz
Autori: MUDr. Tomáš Ürge, PhD.

Všetky kurzy
Prihlásenie
Zabudnuté heslo

Zadajte e-mailovú adresu, s ktorou ste vytvárali účet. Budú Vám na ňu zasielané informácie k nastaveniu nového hesla.

Prihlásenie

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte sa

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#