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Early Virological and Immunological Events in Asymptomatic Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in African Children

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Primary infection with EBV, a common human herpesvirus, is typically asymptomatic in childhood but, if occurring in adolescence or later, often presents as AIM. This febrile illness is characterised by high virus loads in the blood and an exaggerated EBV-specific CD8+ T-cell response that pushes total CD8+ T-cell numbers well above normal levels. By contrast, very little is known about the events of asymptomatic primary infection. We therefore studied young Gambian children at an age at which many acquire EBV, monitoring them over six months for evidence of EBV infection by virus load in the blood, virus-specific IgM and IgG antibody status, and virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Focusing on IgM-positive children with very recent EBV infection but no history of symptoms, we found that they carried a virus load equivalent to that seen in AIM patients and also mounted a classical virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response. However, that response, though it could occupy at least 15% of the circulating CD8+ T-cell pool, occurred without the huge global expansion of CD8 numbers seen in AIM. This work reinforces the idea that the host’s exaggerated CD8+ T-cell response, rather than the virus load per se, leads to the symptoms of AIM.

Vyšlo v časopise: Early Virological and Immunological Events in Asymptomatic Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in African Children. PLoS Pathog 11(3): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004746
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004746

Souhrn

Primary infection with EBV, a common human herpesvirus, is typically asymptomatic in childhood but, if occurring in adolescence or later, often presents as AIM. This febrile illness is characterised by high virus loads in the blood and an exaggerated EBV-specific CD8+ T-cell response that pushes total CD8+ T-cell numbers well above normal levels. By contrast, very little is known about the events of asymptomatic primary infection. We therefore studied young Gambian children at an age at which many acquire EBV, monitoring them over six months for evidence of EBV infection by virus load in the blood, virus-specific IgM and IgG antibody status, and virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Focusing on IgM-positive children with very recent EBV infection but no history of symptoms, we found that they carried a virus load equivalent to that seen in AIM patients and also mounted a classical virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response. However, that response, though it could occupy at least 15% of the circulating CD8+ T-cell pool, occurred without the huge global expansion of CD8 numbers seen in AIM. This work reinforces the idea that the host’s exaggerated CD8+ T-cell response, rather than the virus load per se, leads to the symptoms of AIM.

Zdroje

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