#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#
preLekára.sk / Odborné časopisy / PLOS Genetics / 2014 - 10

The Not5 Subunit of the Ccr4-Not Complex Connects Transcription and Translation

English version České info

In this work we show that, both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, Not5 plays a “bridging” role for RNA Polymerase II. In the cytoplasm, Not5 interacts with the mRNA encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II Rpb1 and supports the association of a co-chaperone to newly produced protein, to keep it soluble and assembly competent. In the nucleus, Not5 interacts with the Rpb4 subunit of polymerase that is known to readily dissociate from the rest of the polymerase, and it is essential for Rpb4 to associate with mRNAs at the completion of transcription to contribute to translation and mRNA degradation in the cytoplasm. Hence our data define Not5 as a key player in the cross-talk between different stages of eukaryotic gene expression: Not5 impacts on production of polymerase, hence transcription, during translation, and on Rpb4 mRNA association, hence translation and mRNA degradation during transcription.

Vyšlo v časopise: The Not5 Subunit of the Ccr4-Not Complex Connects Transcription and Translation. PLoS Genet 10(10): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004569
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004569

Souhrn

In this work we show that, both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, Not5 plays a “bridging” role for RNA Polymerase II. In the cytoplasm, Not5 interacts with the mRNA encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II Rpb1 and supports the association of a co-chaperone to newly produced protein, to keep it soluble and assembly competent. In the nucleus, Not5 interacts with the Rpb4 subunit of polymerase that is known to readily dissociate from the rest of the polymerase, and it is essential for Rpb4 to associate with mRNAs at the completion of transcription to contribute to translation and mRNA degradation in the cytoplasm. Hence our data define Not5 as a key player in the cross-talk between different stages of eukaryotic gene expression: Not5 impacts on production of polymerase, hence transcription, during translation, and on Rpb4 mRNA association, hence translation and mRNA degradation during transcription.

Zdroje

1. HsinJP, ManleyJL (2012) The RNA polymerase II CTD coordinates transcription and RNA processing. Genes & development 26: 2119–2137.

2. AguileraA (2005) Cotranscriptional mRNP assembly: from the DNA to the nuclear pore. Current opinion in cell biology 17: 242–250.

3. de AlmeidaSF, Carmo-FonsecaM (2008) The CTD role in cotranscriptional RNA processing and surveillance. FEBS letters 582: 1971–1976.

4. Harel-SharvitL, EldadN, HaimovichG, BarkaiO, DuekL, et al. (2010) RNA polymerase II subunits link transcription and mRNA decay to translation. Cell 143: 552–563.

5. Goler-BaronV, SelitrennikM, BarkaiO, HaimovichG, LotanR, et al. (2008) Transcription in the nucleus and mRNA decay in the cytoplasm are coupled processes. Genes & development 22: 2022–2027.

6. CollartMA, PanasenkoOO (2012) The Ccr4–not complex. Gene 492: 42–53.

7. CollartMA (2003) Global control of gene expression in yeast by the Ccr4-Not complex. Gene 313: 1–16.

8. AlbertTK, LemaireM, van BerkumNL, GentzR, CollartMA, et al. (2000) Isolation and characterization of human orthologs of yeast CCR4-NOT complex subunits. Nucleic acids research 28: 809–817.

9. TemmeC, ZhangL, KremmerE, IhlingC, ChartierA, et al. (2010) Subunits of the Drosophila CCR4-NOT complex and their roles in mRNA deadenylation. RNA 16: 1356–1370.

10. LauNC, KolkmanA, van SchaikFM, MulderKW, PijnappelWW, et al. (2009) Human Ccr4-Not complexes contain variable deadenylase subunits. The Biochemical journal 422: 443–453.

11. BawankarP, LohB, WohlboldL, SchmidtS, IzaurraldeE (2013) NOT10 and C2orf29/NOT11 form a conserved module of the CCR4-NOT complex that docks onto the NOT1 N-terminal domain. RNA biology 10

12. MauxionF, PreveB, SeraphinB (2012) C2ORF29/CNOT11 and CNOT10 form a new module of the CCR4-NOT complex. RNA biology 10

13. FarberV, ErbenE, SharmaS, StoecklinG, ClaytonC (2013) Trypanosome CNOT10 is essential for the integrity of the NOT deadenylase complex and for degradation of many mRNAs. Nucleic acids research 41: 1211–1222.

14. DeluenC, JamesN, MailletL, MolineteM, TheilerG, et al. (2002) The Ccr4-not complex and yTAF1 (yTaf(II)130p/yTaf(II)145p) show physical and functional interactions. Molecular and cellular biology 22: 6735–6749.

15. SwansonMJ, QiuH, SumibcayL, KruegerA, KimSJ, et al. (2003) A multiplicity of coactivators is required by Gcn4p at individual promoters in vivo. Molecular and cellular biology 23: 2800–2820.

16. VentersBJ, WachiS, MavrichTN, AndersenBE, JenaP, et al. (2011) A comprehensive genomic binding map of gene and chromatin regulatory proteins in Saccharomyces. Molecular cell 41: 480–492.

17. KrukJA, DuttaA, FuJ, GilmourDS, ReeseJC (2011) The multifunctional Ccr4-Not complex directly promotes transcription elongation. Genes & development 25: 581–593.

18. LenssenE, JamesN, PedruzziI, DuboulozF, CameroniE, et al. (2005) The Ccr4-Not complex independently controls both Msn2-dependent transcriptional activation—via a newly identified Glc7/Bud14 type I protein phosphatase module—and TFIID promoter distribution. Molecular and cellular biology 25: 488–498.

19. TuckerM, Valencia-SanchezMA, StaplesRR, ChenJ, DenisCL, et al. (2001) The transcription factor associated Ccr4 and Caf1 proteins are components of the major cytoplasmic mRNA deadenylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell 104: 377–386.

20. WahleE, WinklerGS (2013) RNA decay machines: Deadenylation by the Ccr4-Not and Pan2-Pan3 complexes. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1829: 561–570.

21. PanasenkoOO, CollartMA (2012) Presence of Not5 and ubiquitinated Rps7A in polysome fractions depends upon the Not4 E3 ligase. Molecular microbiology 83: 640–653.

22. DimitrovaLN, KurohaK, TatematsuT, InadaT (2009) Nascent peptide-dependent translation arrest leads to Not4p-mediated protein degradation by the proteasome. The Journal of biological chemistry 284: 10343–10352.

23. HalterD, CollartMA, PanasenkoOO (2014) The Not4 E3 ligase and CCR4 deadenylase play distinct roles in protein quality control. PloS one 9: e86218.

24. PanasenkoOO, CollartMA (2011) Not4 E3 ligase contributes to proteasome assembly and functional integrity in part through Ecm29. Molecular and cellular biology 31: 1610–1623.

25. Dori-BachashM, ShemaE, TiroshI (2011) Coupled evolution of transcription and mRNA degradation. PLoS biology 9: e1001106.

26. CramerP (2002) Multisubunit RNA polymerases. Current opinion in structural biology 12: 89–97.

27. WildT, CramerP (2012) Biogenesis of multisubunit RNA polymerases. Trends in biochemical sciences 37: 99–105.

28. BoulonS, Pradet-BaladeB, VerheggenC, MolleD, BoireauS, et al. (2010) HSP90 and its R2TP/Prefoldin-like cochaperone are involved in the cytoplasmic assembly of RNA polymerase II. Molecular cell 39: 912–924.

29. BoulonS, BertrandE, Pradet-BaladeB (2012) HSP90 and the R2TP co-chaperone complex: building multi-protein machineries essential for cell growth and gene expression. RNA biology 9: 148–154.

30. KakiharaY, HouryWA (2012) The R2TP complex: discovery and functions. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1823: 101–107.

31. CzekoE, SeizlM, AugsbergerC, MielkeT, CramerP (2011) Iwr1 directs RNA polymerase II nuclear import. Molecular cell 42: 261–266.

32. StaresincicL, WalkerJ, Dirac-SvejstrupAB, MitterR, SvejstrupJQ (2011) GTP-dependent binding and nuclear transport of RNA polymerase II by Npa3 protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 286: 35553–35561.

33. ForgetD, LacombeAA, CloutierP, Al-KhouryR, BouchardA, et al. (2010) The protein interaction network of the human transcription machinery reveals a role for the conserved GTPase RPAP4/GPN1 and microtubule assembly in nuclear import and biogenesis of RNA polymerase II. Molecular & cellular proteomics: MCP 9: 2827–2839.

34. Miron-GarciaMC, Garrido-GodinoAI, Garcia-MolineroV, Hernandez-TorresF, Rodriguez-NavarroS, et al. (2013) The prefoldin bud27 mediates the assembly of the eukaryotic RNA polymerases in an rpb5-dependent manner. PLoS genetics 9: e1003297.

35. LotanR, Bar-OnVG, Harel-SharvitL, DuekL, MelamedD, et al. (2005) The RNA polymerase II subunit Rpb4p mediates decay of a specific class of mRNAs. Genes & development 19: 3004–3016.

36. SelitrennikM, DuekL, LotanR, ChoderM (2006) Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the Rpb4p and Rpb7p subunits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II by two pathways. Eukaryotic cell 5: 2092–2103.

37. DahanN, ChoderM (2013) The eukaryotic transcriptional machinery regulates mRNA translation and decay in the cytoplasm. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1829: 169–173.

38. DuncanCD, MataJ (2011) Widespread cotranslational formation of protein complexes. PLoS genetics 7: e1002398.

39. CollartM, PanasenkoO, NikolaevS (2012) The Not3/5 subunit of the Ccr4-Not complex: A central regulator of gene expression that integrates signals between the cytoplasm and the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. Cellular signalling

40. MailletL, TuC, HongYK, ShusterEO, CollartMA (2000) The essential function of Not1 lies within the Ccr4-Not complex. Journal of molecular biology 303: 131–143.

41. FaragoM, NahariT, HammelC, ColeCN, ChoderM (2003) Rpb4p, a subunit of RNA polymerase II, mediates mRNA export during stress. Molecular biology of the cell 14: 2744–2755.

42. LotanR, Goler-BaronV, DuekL, HaimovichG, ChoderM (2007) The Rpb7p subunit of yeast RNA polymerase II plays roles in the two major cytoplasmic mRNA decay mechanisms. The Journal of cell biology 178: 1133–1143.

43. ChenX, RuggieroC, LiS (2007) Yeast Rpb9 plays an important role in ubiquitylation and degradation of Rpb1 in response to UV-induced DNA damage. Molecular and cellular biology 27: 4617–4625.

44. AzzouzN, PanasenkoOO, DeluenC, HsiehJ, TheilerG, et al. (2009) Specific roles for the Ccr4-Not complex subunits in expression of the genome. RNA 15: 377–383.

45. ReeseJC (2013) The control of elongation by the yeast Ccr4-not complex. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1829: 127–133.

46. OberholzerU, CollartMA (1998) Characterization of NOT5 that encodes a new component of the Not protein complex. Gene 207: 61–69.

47. WoychikNA, YoungRA (1989) RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4 is essential for high- and low-temperature yeast cell growth. Molecular and cellular biology 9: 2854–2859.

48. ChoderM (2004) Rpb4 and Rpb7: subunits of RNA polymerase II and beyond. Trends in biochemical sciences 29: 674–681.

49. SampathV, SadhaleP (2005) Rpb4 and Rpb7: a sub-complex integral to multi-subunit RNA polymerases performs a multitude of functions. IUBMB life 57: 93–102.

50. CollartMA (2013) The NOT4 RING E3 ligase: a relevant player in co-translational quality control. ISRN Molecular Biology 2013: 548359.

51. NanoN, HouryWA (2013) Chaperone-like activity of the AAA+ proteins Rvb1 and Rvb2 in the assembly of various complexes. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological sciences 368: 20110399.

52. JansenG, WuC, SchadeB, ThomasDY, WhitewayM (2005) Drag&Drop cloning in yeast. Gene 344: 43–51.

53. PanasenkoO, LandrieuxE, FeuermannM, FinkaA, PaquetN, et al. (2006) The yeast Ccr4-Not complex controls ubiquitination of the nascent-associated polypeptide (NAC-EGD) complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 281: 31389–31398.

54. CollartMA, StruhlK (1994) NOT1(CDC39), NOT2(CDC36), NOT3, and NOT4 encode a global-negative regulator of transcription that differentially affects TATA-element utilization. Genes & development 8: 525–537.

55. PfafflMW (2001) A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic acids research 29: e45.

Štítky
Genetika Reprodukčná medicína
Článek An Deletion Is Highly Associated with a Juvenile-Onset Inherited Polyneuropathy in Leonberger and Saint Bernard Dogs
Článek Licensing of Yeast Centrosome Duplication Requires Phosphoregulation of Sfi1
Článek Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and Infertility in Mice Deficient for miR-34b/c and miR-449 Loci
Článek Basement Membrane and Cell Integrity of Self-Tissues in Maintaining Immunological Tolerance
Článek The Kinesin AtPSS1 Promotes Synapsis and is Required for Proper Crossover Distribution in Meiosis
Článek Germline Mutations in Are Associated with Familial Gastric Cancer
Článek POT1a and Components of CST Engage Telomerase and Regulate Its Activity in
Článek Controlling Meiotic Recombinational Repair – Specifying the Roles of ZMMs, Sgs1 and Mus81/Mms4 in Crossover Formation
Článek Payoffs, Not Tradeoffs, in the Adaptation of a Virus to Ostensibly Conflicting Selective Pressures
Článek FHIT Suppresses Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Metastasis in Lung Cancer through Modulation of MicroRNAs
Článek Genome-Wide Mapping of Yeast RNA Polymerase II Termination
Článek Examination of Prokaryotic Multipartite Genome Evolution through Experimental Genome Reduction
Článek White Cells Facilitate Opposite- and Same-Sex Mating of Opaque Cells in
Článek BMP-FGF Signaling Axis Mediates Wnt-Induced Epidermal Stratification in Developing Mammalian Skin
Článek Genome-Wide Association Study of CSF Levels of 59 Alzheimer's Disease Candidate Proteins: Significant Associations with Proteins Involved in Amyloid Processing and Inflammation
Článek COE Loss-of-Function Analysis Reveals a Genetic Program Underlying Maintenance and Regeneration of the Nervous System in Planarians
Článek Fat-Dachsous Signaling Coordinates Cartilage Differentiation and Polarity during Craniofacial Development
Článek Identification of Genes Important for Cutaneous Function Revealed by a Large Scale Reverse Genetic Screen in the Mouse
Článek Sensors at Centrosomes Reveal Determinants of Local Separase Activity
Článek Genes Integrate and Hedgehog Pathways in the Second Heart Field for Cardiac Septation
Článek Systematic Dissection of Coding Exons at Single Nucleotide Resolution Supports an Additional Role in Cell-Specific Transcriptional Regulation
Článek Recovery from an Acute Infection in Requires the GATA Transcription Factor ELT-2
Článek HIPPO Pathway Members Restrict SOX2 to the Inner Cell Mass Where It Promotes ICM Fates in the Mouse Blastocyst
Článek Role of and in Development of Abdominal Epithelia Breaks Posterior Prevalence Rule
Článek The Formation of Endoderm-Derived Taste Sensory Organs Requires a -Dependent Expansion of Embryonic Taste Bud Progenitor Cells
Článek Role of STN1 and DNA Polymerase α in Telomere Stability and Genome-Wide Replication in Arabidopsis
Článek Keratin 76 Is Required for Tight Junction Function and Maintenance of the Skin Barrier
Článek Encodes the Catalytic Subunit of N Alpha-Acetyltransferase that Regulates Development, Metabolism and Adult Lifespan
Článek Disruption of SUMO-Specific Protease 2 Induces Mitochondria Mediated Neurodegeneration
Článek Caudal Regulates the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Pair-Rule Waves in
Článek It's All in Your Mind: Determining Germ Cell Fate by Neuronal IRE-1 in
Článek A Conserved Role for Homologs in Protecting Dopaminergic Neurons from Oxidative Stress
Článek The Master Activator of IncA/C Conjugative Plasmids Stimulates Genomic Islands and Multidrug Resistance Dissemination
Článek An AGEF-1/Arf GTPase/AP-1 Ensemble Antagonizes LET-23 EGFR Basolateral Localization and Signaling during Vulva Induction
Článek The Proteomic Landscape of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Clock Reveals Large-Scale Coordination of Key Biological Processes
Článek RNA-Processing Protein TDP-43 Regulates FOXO-Dependent Protein Quality Control in Stress Response
Článek A Complex Genetic Switch Involving Overlapping Divergent Promoters and DNA Looping Regulates Expression of Conjugation Genes of a Gram-positive Plasmid
Článek ZTF-8 Interacts with the 9-1-1 Complex and Is Required for DNA Damage Response and Double-Strand Break Repair in the Germline
Článek Integrating Functional Data to Prioritize Causal Variants in Statistical Fine-Mapping Studies
Článek Tpz1-Ccq1 and Tpz1-Poz1 Interactions within Fission Yeast Shelterin Modulate Ccq1 Thr93 Phosphorylation and Telomerase Recruitment
Článek Salt-Induced Stabilization of EIN3/EIL1 Confers Salinity Tolerance by Deterring ROS Accumulation in
Článek Telomeric (s) in spp. Encode Mediator Subunits That Regulate Distinct Virulence Traits
Článek Ethylene-Induced Inhibition of Root Growth Requires Abscisic Acid Function in Rice ( L.) Seedlings
Článek Ancient Expansion of the Hox Cluster in Lepidoptera Generated Four Homeobox Genes Implicated in Extra-Embryonic Tissue Formation
Článek Mechanism of Suppression of Chromosomal Instability by DNA Polymerase POLQ
Článek A Mutation in the Mouse Gene Leads to Impaired Hedgehog Signaling
Článek Keeping mtDNA in Shape between Generations
Článek Targeted Exon Capture and Sequencing in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Článek TIF-IA-Dependent Regulation of Ribosome Synthesis in Muscle Is Required to Maintain Systemic Insulin Signaling and Larval Growth
Článek At Short Telomeres Tel1 Directs Early Replication and Phosphorylates Rif1
Článek Evidence of a Bacterial Receptor for Lysozyme: Binding of Lysozyme to the Anti-σ Factor RsiV Controls Activation of the ECF σ Factor σ
Článek Hsp40s Specify Functions of Hsp104 and Hsp90 Protein Chaperone Machines
Článek Feeding State, Insulin and NPR-1 Modulate Chemoreceptor Gene Expression via Integration of Sensory and Circuit Inputs
Článek Functional Interaction between Ribosomal Protein L6 and RbgA during Ribosome Assembly
Článek Multiple Regulatory Systems Coordinate DNA Replication with Cell Growth in
Článek Fast Evolution from Precast Bricks: Genomics of Young Freshwater Populations of Threespine Stickleback
Článek Mmp1 Processing of the PDF Neuropeptide Regulates Circadian Structural Plasticity of Pacemaker Neurons
Článek The Nuclear Immune Receptor Is Required for -Dependent Constitutive Defense Activation in
Článek Genetic Modifiers of Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Café-au-Lait Macule Count Identified Using Multi-platform Analysis
Článek Juvenile Hormone-Receptor Complex Acts on and to Promote Polyploidy and Vitellogenesis in the Migratory Locust
Článek Uncovering Enhancer Functions Using the α-Globin Locus
Článek The Analysis of Mutant Alleles of Different Strength Reveals Multiple Functions of Topoisomerase 2 in Regulation of Chromosome Structure
Článek Metabolic Respiration Induces AMPK- and Ire1p-Dependent Activation of the p38-Type HOG MAPK Pathway
Článek The Specification and Global Reprogramming of Histone Epigenetic Marks during Gamete Formation and Early Embryo Development in
Článek The DAF-16 FOXO Transcription Factor Regulates to Modulate Stress Resistance in , Linking Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling to Protein N-Terminal Acetylation
Článek Genetic Influences on Translation in Yeast
Článek Analysis of Mutants Defective in the Cdk8 Module of Mediator Reveal Links between Metabolism and Biofilm Formation
Článek Ribosomal Readthrough at a Short UGA Stop Codon Context Triggers Dual Localization of Metabolic Enzymes in Fungi and Animals
Článek Gene Duplication Restores the Viability of Δ and Δ Mutants
Článek Selection on a Variant Associated with Improved Viral Clearance Drives Local, Adaptive Pseudogenization of Interferon Lambda 4 ()
Článek Break-Induced Replication Requires DNA Damage-Induced Phosphorylation of Pif1 and Leads to Telomere Lengthening
Článek Dynamic Partnership between TFIIH, PGC-1α and SIRT1 Is Impaired in Trichothiodystrophy
Článek Signature Gene Expression Reveals Novel Clues to the Molecular Mechanisms of Dimorphic Transition in
Článek Mutations in Moderate or Severe Intellectual Disability
Článek Multifaceted Genome Control by Set1 Dependent and Independent of H3K4 Methylation and the Set1C/COMPASS Complex
Článek A Role for Taiman in Insect Metamorphosis
Článek The Small RNA Rli27 Regulates a Cell Wall Protein inside Eukaryotic Cells by Targeting a Long 5′-UTR Variant
Článek MMS Exposure Promotes Increased MtDNA Mutagenesis in the Presence of Replication-Defective Disease-Associated DNA Polymerase γ Variants
Článek Coexistence and Within-Host Evolution of Diversified Lineages of Hypermutable in Long-term Cystic Fibrosis Infections
Článek Comprehensive Mapping of the Flagellar Regulatory Network
Článek Topoisomerase II Is Required for the Proper Separation of Heterochromatic Regions during Female Meiosis
Článek A Splice Mutation in the Gene Causes High Glycogen Content and Low Meat Quality in Pig Skeletal Muscle
Článek KDM5 Interacts with Foxo to Modulate Cellular Levels of Oxidative Stress
Článek H2B Mono-ubiquitylation Facilitates Fork Stalling and Recovery during Replication Stress by Coordinating Rad53 Activation and Chromatin Assembly
Článek Copy Number Variation in the Horse Genome
Článek Unifying Genetic Canalization, Genetic Constraint, and Genotype-by-Environment Interaction: QTL by Genomic Background by Environment Interaction of Flowering Time in
Článek Spinster Homolog 2 () Deficiency Causes Early Onset Progressive Hearing Loss
Článek Genome-Wide Discovery of Drug-Dependent Human Liver Regulatory Elements
Článek Developmentally-Regulated Excision of the SPβ Prophage Reconstitutes a Gene Required for Spore Envelope Maturation in
Článek Protein Phosphatase 4 Promotes Chromosome Pairing and Synapsis, and Contributes to Maintaining Crossover Competence with Increasing Age
Článek The bHLH-PAS Transcription Factor Dysfusion Regulates Tarsal Joint Formation in Response to Notch Activity during Leg Development
Článek A Mouse Model Uncovers LKB1 as an UVB-Induced DNA Damage Sensor Mediating CDKN1A (p21) Degradation
Článek Notch3 Interactome Analysis Identified WWP2 as a Negative Regulator of Notch3 Signaling in Ovarian Cancer
Článek An Integrated Cell Purification and Genomics Strategy Reveals Multiple Regulators of Pancreas Development
Článek Dominant Sequences of Human Major Histocompatibility Complex Conserved Extended Haplotypes from to
Článek The Vesicle Protein SAM-4 Regulates the Processivity of Synaptic Vesicle Transport
Článek A Gain-of-Function Mutation in Impeded Bone Development through Increasing Expression in DA2B Mice
Článek Nephronophthisis-Associated Regulates Cell Cycle Progression, Apoptosis and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Článek Beclin 1 Is Required for Neuron Viability and Regulates Endosome Pathways via the UVRAG-VPS34 Complex
Článek Abnormal Dosage of Ultraconserved Elements Is Highly Disfavored in Healthy Cells but Not Cancer Cells
Článek Genome-Wide Distribution of RNA-DNA Hybrids Identifies RNase H Targets in tRNA Genes, Retrotransposons and Mitochondria
Článek The Chromosomal Association of the Smc5/6 Complex Depends on Cohesion and Predicts the Level of Sister Chromatid Entanglement
Článek Cell-Autonomous Progeroid Changes in Conditional Mouse Models for Repair Endonuclease XPG Deficiency
Článok vyšiel v časopise

PLOS Genetics

2014 Číslo 10
Najčítanejšie tento týždeň
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvýšte si kvalifikáciu online z pohodlia domova

Aktuální možnosti diagnostiky a léčby litiáz
nový kurz
Autori: MUDr. Tomáš Ürge, PhD.
Všetky kurzy
Prihlásenie
Zabudnuté heslo

Zadajte e-mailovú adresu, s ktorou ste vytvárali účet. Budú Vám na ňu zasielané informácie k nastaveniu nového hesla.

Prihlásenie

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte sa

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#