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The Specification and Global Reprogramming of Histone Epigenetic Marks during Gamete Formation and Early Embryo Development in


Successful reproduction depends upon the receipt and processing of distinct chromatin packages from sperm and oocytes. This includes not only a unique complement of DNA, but information in the form of proteins, such as histones, that differentially package the DNA in each cell type. For example, histone variants and post-translationally modified histones can carry epigenetic information across generations. Such information is then reprogrammed in the new embryo to ensure proper development. However, it is unclear how many of these marks are established during gamete formation and reprogrammed after fertilization. We define a signature histone variant and post-translational modification profile of sperm chromatin from C. elegans. This profile is established during sperm formation in part by exchanging canonical histones with sperm-specific histone proteins. Histone variants and modifications passed from sperm and oocytes are differentially removed or retained, suggesting that the embryo can reprogram epigenetic information from each parent distinctly. These C. elegans studies reveal that both conserved and novel histone modification and exchange mechanisms are used across diverse species to establish and reprogram epigenetic information.


Vyšlo v časopise: The Specification and Global Reprogramming of Histone Epigenetic Marks during Gamete Formation and Early Embryo Development in. PLoS Genet 10(10): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004588
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004588

Souhrn

Successful reproduction depends upon the receipt and processing of distinct chromatin packages from sperm and oocytes. This includes not only a unique complement of DNA, but information in the form of proteins, such as histones, that differentially package the DNA in each cell type. For example, histone variants and post-translationally modified histones can carry epigenetic information across generations. Such information is then reprogrammed in the new embryo to ensure proper development. However, it is unclear how many of these marks are established during gamete formation and reprogrammed after fertilization. We define a signature histone variant and post-translational modification profile of sperm chromatin from C. elegans. This profile is established during sperm formation in part by exchanging canonical histones with sperm-specific histone proteins. Histone variants and modifications passed from sperm and oocytes are differentially removed or retained, suggesting that the embryo can reprogram epigenetic information from each parent distinctly. These C. elegans studies reveal that both conserved and novel histone modification and exchange mechanisms are used across diverse species to establish and reprogram epigenetic information.


Zdroje

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