Effects of the killer immunoglobulin–like receptor (KIR) polymorphisms on HIV acquisition: A meta-analysis
Autoři:
Suwit Chaisri aff001; Noel Pabalan aff001; Sompong Tabunhan aff001; Phuntila Tharabenjasin aff001; Nipaporn Sankuntaw aff001; Chanvit Leelayuwat aff002
Působiště autorů:
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
aff001; The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
aff002; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
aff003
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225151
Souhrn
Background
Genetic involvement of Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) polymorphisms and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-exposed seronegative (HESN) compared to HIV-infected (HIVI) individuals has been reported. However, inconsistency of the outcomes reduces precision of the estimates. A meta-analysis was applied to obtain more precise estimates of association.
Methods
A multi-database literature search yielded thirteen case-control studies. Risks were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with significance set at a two-tailed P-value of ≤ 0.05. We used two levels of analyses: (1) gene content that included 13 KIR polymorphisms (2DL1-3, 2DL5A, 2DL5B, 2DS1-3, 2DS4F, 2DS4D, 2DS5, 3DL1 and 3DS1); and (2) 3DL1/S1 genotypes. Subgroup analysis was ethnicity-based (Caucasians, Asians and Africans). Outlier treatment was applied to heterogeneous effects which dichotomized the outcomes into pre-outlier (PRO) and post-outlier (PSO). Multiple comparisons were addressed with the Bonferroni correction.
Results
We generated 52 and 18 comparisons from gene content and genotype analyses, respectively. Of the 70 comparisons, 13 yielded significant outcomes, two (indicating reduced risk) of which survived the Bonferroni correction (Pc). These protective effects pointed to the Caucasian subgroup in 2DL3 (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.09, 0.40, Pc < 10−3) and 3DS1S1 (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.24, 0.56, Pc < 10−3). These two PSO outcomes yielded effects of increased magnitude and precision, as well as raised significance and deemed robust by sensitivity analysis. Of the two, the 2DL3 effect was improved with a test of interaction (Pc interaction < 10−4).
Conclusion
Multiple meta-analytical treatments presented strong evidence of the protective effect (up to 81%) of the KIR polymorphisms (2DL3 and 3DS1S1) among Caucasians. The Asian and African outcomes were inconclusive due to the low number of studies.
Klíčová slova:
Genome-wide association studies – HIV infections – African people – Variant genotypes – Genetic polymorphism – NK cells
Zdroje
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