Altitude and human disturbance are associated with helminth diversity in an endangered primate, Procolobus gordonorum

English version

Autoři: Claudia Barelli ^aff001; Viviana Gonzalez-Astudillo ^aff003; Roger Mundry ^aff005; Francesco Rovero ^aff002; Heidi C. Hauffe ^aff001; Thomas R. Gillespie ^aff003
Působiště autorů: Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione E. Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy ^aff001; MUSE–Science Museum, Tropical Biodiversity Section, Trento, Italy ^aff002; Department of Environmental Sciences and Program in Population Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America ^aff003; Pathology Resident, California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America ^aff004; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany ^aff005; Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy ^aff006; Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America ^aff007
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225142

Souhrn

Gastrointestinal parasites colonizing the mammalian gut influence the host immune system and health. Parasite infections, mainly helminths, have been studied intensively in both humans and non-human animals, but relatively rarely within a conservation framework. The Udzungwa red colobus monkey (Procolobus gordonorum) is an endangered endemic primate species living in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania, a global biodiversity hotspot. Since this endemic primate species is highly sensitive to human disturbance, here we investigate whether habitat type (driven by natural and human-induced factors) is associated with helminth diversity. Using standard flotation and sedimentation techniques, we analyzed 251 fecal samples belonging to 25 social groups from four different forest blocks within the Udzungwa Mountains. Five parasitic helminth taxa were recovered from Udzungwa red colobus, including Trichuris sp., Strongyloides fulleborni, S. stercoralis, a strongylid nematode and Colobenterobius sp. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Models to explore the contribution of habitat type, altitude and fecal glucocorticoid levels (as biomarkers of stress) in predicting gut parasite variation. Although some parasites (e.g., Trichuris sp.) infected more than 50% of individuals, compared to others (e.g., Colobenterobius sp.) that infected less than 3%, both parasite richness and prevalence did not differ significantly across forests, even when controlling for seasonality. Stress hormone levels also did not predict variation in parasite richness, while altitude could explain it resulting in lower richness at lower altitudes. Because human activities causing disturbance are concentrated mainly at lower altitudes, we suggest that protection of primate forest habitat preserves natural diversity at both macro- and microscales, and that the importance of the latter should not be underestimated.

Klíčová slova:

Parasitic diseases – Forests – Nematode infections – Helminths – Primates – Monkeys – Colobus – Trichuris

Zdroje

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Altitude and human disturbance are associated with helminth diversity in an endangered primate, Procolobus gordonorum

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