Quantitative assessment of fecal contamination in multiple environmental sample types in urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh using SaniPath microbial approach

English version

Autoři: Nuhu Amin ^aff001; Mahbubur Rahman ^aff001; Suraja Raj ^aff002; Shahjahan Ali ^aff001; Jamie Green ^aff002; Shimul Das ^aff001; Solaiman Doza ^aff001; Momenul Haque Mondol ^aff001; Yuke Wang ^aff002; Mohammad Aminul Islam ^aff004; Mahbub-Ul Alam ^aff001; Tarique Md. Nurul Huda ^aff001; Sabrina Haque ^aff006; Leanne Unicomb ^aff001; George Joseph ^aff006; Christine L. Moe ^aff002
Působiště autorů: Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh ^aff001; Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America ^aff002; Department of Statistics, University of Barishal, Barishal, Bangladesh ^aff003; Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh ^aff004; Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America ^aff005; Water Global Practice, The World Bank, Washington DC, United States of America ^aff006
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221193

Souhrn

Rapid urbanization has led to a growing sanitation crisis in urban areas of Bangladesh and potential exposure to fecal contamination in the urban environment due to inadequate sanitation and poor fecal sludge management. Limited data are available on environmental fecal contamination associated with different exposure pathways in urban Dhaka. We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the magnitude of fecal contamination in the environment in low-income, high-income, and transient/floating neighborhoods in urban Dhaka. Ten samples were collected from each of 10 environmental compartments in 10 different neighborhoods (4 low-income, 4 high-income and 2 transient/floating neighborhoods). These 1,000 samples were analyzed with the IDEXX-Quanti-Tray technique to determine most-probable-number (MPN) of E. coli. Samples of open drains (6.91 log₁₀ MPN/100 mL), surface water (5.28 log₁₀ MPN/100 mL), floodwater (4.60 log₁₀ MPN/100 mL), produce (3.19 log₁₀ MPN/serving), soil (2.29 log₁₀ MPN/gram), and street food (1.79 log₁₀ MPN/gram) had the highest mean log₁₀ E. coli contamination compared to other samples. The contamination concentrations did not differ between low-income and high-income neighborhoods for shared latrine swabs, open drains, municipal water, produce, and street foodsamples. E. coli contamination levels were significantly higher (p <0.05) in low-income neighborhoods compared to high-income for soil (0.91 log₁₀ MPN/gram, 95% CI, 0.39, 1.43), bathing water (0.98 log₁₀ MPN/100 mL, 95% CI, 0.41, 1.54), non-municipal water (0.64 log₁₀ MPN/100 mL, 95% CI, 0.24, 1.04), surface water (1.92 log₁₀ MPN/100 mL, 95% CI, 1.44, 2.40), and floodwater (0.48 log₁₀ MPN/100 mL, 95% CI, 0.03, 0.92) samples. E. coli contamination were significantly higher (p<0.05) in low-income neighborhoods compared to transient/floating neighborhoods for drain water, bathing water, non-municipal water and surface water. Future studies should examine behavior that brings people into contact with the environment and assess the extent of exposure to fecal contamination in the environment through multiple pathways and associated risks.

Klíčová slova:

Water pollution – Water resources – Flooding – Sanitation – Surface water – Neighborhoods – Urban environments – Water management

Zdroje

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Quantitative assessment of fecal contamination in multiple environmental sample types in urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh using SaniPath microbial approach

Souhrn

Klíčová slova:

Zdroje

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