Changing perioperative prophylaxis during antibiotic therapy and iterative debridement for orthopedic infections?

English version

Autoři: Lydia Wuarin ^aff001; Mohamed Abbas ^aff002; Stephan Harbarth ^aff002; Felix Waibel ^aff003; Dominique Holy ^aff004; Jan Burkhard ^aff004; Ilker Uçkay ^aff001
Působiště autorů: Orthopedic Surgery Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland ^aff001; Infection Control Program, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland ^aff002; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland ^aff003; Internal Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland ^aff004; Infectiology and Infection Control, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland ^aff005; Unit for Clinical and Applied Research, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland ^aff006
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226674

Souhrn

Background

Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in non-infected orthopedic surgery is evident, in contrast to prophylaxis during surgery for infection. Epidemiological data are lacking for this particular situation.

Methods and findings

It is a single-center cohort on iterative surgical site infections (SSIs) in infected orthopedic patients. We included 2480 first episodes of orthopedic infections (median age 56 years and 833 immune-suppressed): implant-related infections (n = 648), osteoarticular infections (1153), and 1327 soft tissue infections. The median number of debridement was 1 (range, 1–15 interventions). Overall, 1617 infections (65%) were debrided once compared to 862 cases that were operated multiple times (35%). Upon iterative intraoperative tissue sampling, we detected pathogens in 507 cases (507/862; 59%), of which 241 (242/507; 48%) corresponded to the initial species at the first debridement. We witnessed 265 new SSIs (11% of the cohort) that were resistant to current antibiotic therapy in 174 cases (7% of the cohort). In multivariate analysis, iterative surgical debridements that were performed under current antibiotic administration were associated with new SSIs (odds ratio 1.6, 95%CI 1.2–2.2); mostly occurring after the 2^nd debridement. However, we failed to define an ideal hypothetic prophylaxis during antibiotic therapy to prevent further SSIs.

Conclusions

Selection of new pathogens resistant to ongoing antibiotic therapy occurs frequently during iterative debridement in orthopedic infections, especially after the 2^nd debridement. The new pathogens are however unpredictable. The prevention, if feasible, probably relies on surgical performance and wise indications for re-debridement instead of new maximal prophylactic antibiotic coverage in addition to current therapeutic regimens.

Klíčová slova:

Bacterial pathogens – Antibiotics – Surgical and invasive medical procedures – Antibiotic resistance – Gram negative bacteria – Orthopedic surgery – Staphylococcal infection – Soft tissue infections

Zdroje

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